Wikipedia

Ignace Tonené

Ignace Tonené (1840 kgotsa 1841 - 15 Mopitlwe 1916), yo gape a itsiweng jaaka Nias

Ignace Tonené
Tonené with a rifle, standing on a porch
Tonené in 1909
Tsalo1840 or 1841
near Lake Temagami, Upper Canada
Leso15 Mopitlwe 1916(1916-03-15) (aged Tempolete:Age in years)
near Lake Abitibi, Quebec
Burial placenear Mount Kanasuta, Quebec
Letso
Maina amangwe
  • Nias
  • Maiagizis
Tiro
MohiriHudson's Bay Company
O itsegi kaTeme-Augama Anishnabai leadership
TitleChief
Mosadi
  • Angèle
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1860; died 1869)​
  • Elisabeth Pikossekat
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1871)​
Bana7
Masika

kgotsa ka leina la gagwe la Ojibwe Maiagizis ('right/correct sun'), e ne e le moeteledipele wa Teme-Augama Anishnabai, mogwebi wa boboa, le motlhotlhomisi wa gauta kwa Upper Canada. E ne e le modiri yo o itsegeng wa Hudson's Bay Company.

Tonené e ne e le motlatsa-motsamaisi pele a nna tlhogo ya morafe wa gagwe. Fa a ne a le mothusamodulasetilo, o ne a buisana le puso ya Canada le puso ya porofense ya Ontario, a buelela gore setšhaba sa gagwe se newe tshegetso ya madi ngwaga le ngwaga go tswa mo go tsone tsoopedi. Maiteko a gagwe a go bona lefatshe le le boloketsweng setšhaba sa gagwe a ne a kgorelediwa ke tonakgolo ya Ontario e bong Oliver Mowat.

Go batla ga ga Tonené go ne ga dira gore go nne le go thunya ga gauta ka 1906 le go tlhamiwa ga Kerr Addison Mines Ltd., le fa gone a ne a utswelwa nngwe ya ditsha tsa gagwe ke basweu ba ba neng ba batla gauta ba kwa Canada.

Tonené o ne a tlhokafala ka 1916 a na le dingwaga di le 74 kgotsa 75. O ne a fitlhwa gaufi le Thaba ya Kanasuta kwa Quebec.

Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele

fetola

Maiagizis o ne a itsege thata ka leina la gagwe la Sefora e bong Ignace Tonené, le gantsi le khutshwafadiwang go nna Nias. O tshotswe ka 1840 kgotsa ka 1841 gaufi le Letsha la Temagami kwa Temagami First Nation kwa Upper Canada. E ne e le morwa wa leitibolo wa ga François Kabimigwune le Marian[1] le setlogolo sa kgosi ya Temagami White Bear (Wabimakwa).Morwarraagwe[2] e ne e le Frank White Bear (o tlhokafetse ka 1930).[3]

Tiro le boeteledipele jwa setšhaba

fetola

Tonené o ne a berekela Hudson's Bay Company go tloga ka 1857, a isa poso magareng ga mafelo a kgwebo kwa Lake Timiskaming le Lake Temagami. Gape o ne a dira kwa Fort Témiscamingue koo a neng a ithuta Sefora gone. [4]

Boeteledipele

Mo e ka nnang ka 1889, Tonené o ne a tlhophiwa go nna motlatsa molaodi (anike ogima) a tsaya maemo a ga rraagwe.[5]Ka 1877, Tonené o ne a tsenya kopo ya naga e e malebana le kgaolo ya Temagami le Moemedi wa India wa Parry Sound. [6] Ka 1878, Tonené o ne a tsaya maemo a go nna tlhogo ya morafe. O ne a okamela go tsenngwa ga temothuo ya ditapole le go rua dikgomo. [7]Jaaka moeteledipele, Tonené o ne a itsege ka melao ya gagwe, a buelela setšhaba gore dikoloto di tshwanetse go duelwa, go akaretsa le Hudson's Bay Company.[8]Go farologana le Ditšhaba tsa Ntlha tse dingwe tse di dikologileng Letsha la Huron, setšhaba sa Tonené se ne se se karolo ya Ditumalano tsa Robinson.[9] Ditumalano tse e ne e le ditumalano tse pedi tsa semmuso tsa 1850 magareng ga dikgosana tsa Ojibwa le Korone mo dikgosana di neng di tlogela lefatshe la bone ka go duelela dituelo tsa madi tsa ka bonako le tse di tsweletseng. [10] Tonené o ne a buelela go busediwa ga batho ba gagwe.[11]Tonené o ne a tshwenyegile ka ditlamorago tsa batho ba ba remang ditlhare le kafa di amang metswedi ya tlholego ya lefelo leo ka gone. O ne a buelela moemedi wa puso ya India Charles Skene gore a mo neye madi a a tla mo go ene ka ngwaga le gore a dire lefelo la polokelo.[12][13]

Mo puong ya gagwe ka Ferikgong 1889, Tonené o ne a tlhagisa morafe wa gagwe jaana: "Batho ba basweu ba ne ba ntse ba atamela gaufi le gaufi ngwaga le ngwaga mme ditshukudu le boboa di ne di ntse di tlhaela thata ... ka jalo mo dingwageng di le mmalwa fela Baindia ba ne ba sa tlhole ba kgona go tshela ka go tsoma fela". [14]O ne a tswelela go gatelela puso gore e mo thuse ka madi le go dira lefelo la tshomarelo ya madi ka metseletsele ya dikopano le makwalo a a neng a kwalwa kwa Anishinaabe, a a neng a felela ka gore moemedi wa Moindia, Motlatsa-Molaodi Lawrence Vankoughnet, a dumele ka 1880 gore naga ya Temagami e e ka nnang 2,800 square miles (7,300 km2) e ne e sa neelwa. Kwa tshimologong Tonakgolo ya Canada John A. Macdonald o ne a busetsa kgang eno kwa go Tonakgolo ya Ontario, mme ka 1883 Lephata la Merero ya Baindia le ne la dumela go duela setšhaba madi a ngwaga le ngwaga. Ditlhwatlhwa tseo di ne di tshwana le madi a a neng a amogelwa ke Ditšhaba tsa Ntlha tse dingwe tse e neng e le maloko a [15]Tumalano ya Robinson Huron. Ka 1884, Tonené o ne a bitsa lekgotla la morafe kwa Bear Island go buisana ka lefelo le le ka nnang teng la lefelo le le sireleditsweng; morafe o ne wa dumalana gore le tshwanetse go nna dikilometara di le 100 tsa sekwere (260 km2) go dikologa Cross Lake le kwa ntlheng ya borwa jwa Letsha la Temagami. Mmuso wa bosetšhaba o ne wa dumalana le tshitshinyo eo, fela Tonakgolo ya Ontario Oliver Mowat, yo o neng a itsege ka go nna kgatlhanong le ditshwanelo tsa ditumalano tsa Baaborijene, o ne a thibela go fetisiwa ga lefatshe, a tshwenyegile thata ka boleng jwa logong lwa phaene lo lohibidu le lo lo sweu mo lefelong leo. [16]: 38 [17] E ne e se go fitlha ka 1943 fa mafatshe a ne a beelwa kwa thoko go nna Temagami mme go tlhamiwa semmuso ga Bear Island Reserve ga go a diragala go fitlha ka 1971.[18]

Ka 1889, morago ga gore Oliver Mowat a gane go dira lefelo le le sireleditsweng le fa puso ya gagwe e fela, Tonené o ne a fudusetsa lelapa la gagwe kwa nageng e e fa gare ga Letsha la Opasatica le Letsha la Dasserat gaufi le Abitibi, Quebec. Ka 1889, o ne a ya kwa Bear Island go ya go kopana le moemedi wa Maindia Thomas Walton le go kopa dipeo le didiriswa tsa temothuo tsa morafe wa gagwe.[19][20] Tonené o ne a tsoma le go tshwara ditlhapi go fepa lelapa la gagwe, mme ka 1903 o ne a simolola go batla selefera, a tlhotlhelediwa ke go ribololwa ga selefera kwa Cobalt, Ontario. Go ya ka Canadian Mining Journal, go bona ga gagwe ga gauta go ne ga dira gore go nne le go thunya ga gauta kwa Larder Lake ka 1906. Gouta e a e ribolotseng kwa McGarry e ne ya nna moepo wa Kerr-Addison, mme o ne a dira kopo ya go nna le yone koo e e neng ya utswiwa ke baagi ba basweu. : 43 Tonene Old Indian Mining Company e ne ya ntsha prospectus pele fela ga go simologa ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe I, mme metswedi ga e bontshe fa Tonené e ne e solegelwa molemo ke khamphani.[21]Tonené o ne a tlhatlhamiwa jaaka moeteledipele wa tlhogo ke John Paul, le fa Tonené a ne a tswelela go tsoma le go thaisa mo nageng ya Abitibi. Morago ga loso lwa ga John Paul ka 1893, Tonené o ne a nna tlhogo ya tlhogo gape, mme go tloga ka 1910 e ne e le tlhogo ya tlotlo kgotsa ya botshelo le mogakolodi wa ntlha wa tlhogo ya tlhogo e ntšhwa, morwarraagwe yo mmotlana Frank White Bear.[22]

Botshelo jwa gagwe

fetola

Ka 1860, Tonené o ne a nyala Angèle, morwadia moeteledipele wa pele wa setlhopha sa Temagami e bong Nebenegwune. Ba ne ba nna le barwa ba le babedi le barwadi ba le babedi, mme Angèle o ne a tlhokafala fa a ne a belega ka 1869. Ka 1871, Tonené o ne a nyala Elisabeth Pikossekat wa setlhopha sa Timiskaming mme ba ne ba nna le barwadi ba le bararo. [23]

Bomorwa Tonené ka bobedi ba ne ba tlhokafala pele ga ba nna bagolo, le fa gone bomorwadie ba batlhano botlhe ba ne ba tshela go fitlha ba nna bagolo, ba nyetse, mme ba nna le bana.

Loso le boswa jwa gagwe

fetola

Tonené o ne a tlhokafala ka 15 Mopitlwe 1916, gaufi le Lake Abitibi, Quebec. O ne a fitlhwa gaufi le Thaba ya Kanasuta, Quebec, gaufi le molelwane wa Quebec le Ontario. Lefelo le a neng a fitlhilwe kwa go lone le ne la fetolwa go nna khuti ya matlapa mme morago ya nna thotobolo ya setšhaba. [24]: 43 Ka 2016, Tournene Lake, borwa jwa Bear Lake le bokone jwa Larder Lake, e ne ya fetolwa leina semmuso go nna Chief Tonene Lake.[25][26]

Metswedi

fetola
  1. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Morrison, James (1998). "Biography – Tonené, Ignace". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto, Université Laval. Retrieved 26 March 2022.[1]
  2. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Benidickson, Jamie (1989). The Temagami Experience: Recreation, Resources, and Aboriginal Rights in the Northern Ontario Wilderness, Canada: University of Toronto Press, ISBN 9780802067135 pp. 35, 40–48, 66, 299
  3. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Benidickson, Jamie (1989). The Temagami Experience: Recreation, Resources, and Aboriginal Rights in the Northern Ontario Wilderness, Canada: University of Toronto Press, ISBN 9780802067135 pp. 35, 40–48, 66, 299
  4. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Morrison, James (1998). "Biography – Tonené, Ignace". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto, Université Laval. Retrieved 26 March 2022.[2]
  5. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Morrison, James (1998). "Biography – Tonené, Ignace". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto, Université Laval. Retrieved 26 March 2022.[3]
  6. ↑ "First protest was filed by Chief Tonene in 1877". North Bay Nugget. 23 August 1980. p. 28. Retrieved 16 March 2023.[4]
  7. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Benidickson, Jamie (1989). The Temagami Experience: Recreation, Resources, and Aboriginal Rights in the Northern Ontario Wilderness, Canada: University of Toronto Press, ISBN 9780802067135 pp. 35, 40–48, 66, 299
  8. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Benidickson, Jamie (1989). The Temagami Experience: Recreation, Resources, and Aboriginal Rights in the Northern Ontario Wilderness, Canada: University of Toronto Press, ISBN 9780802067135 pp. 35, 40–48, 66, 299
  9. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Morrison, James (1998). "Biography – Tonené, Ignace". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto, Université Laval. Retrieved 26 March 2022.[5]
  10. ↑ "Robinson Treaties and Douglas Treaties (1850–1854)". Government of Canada, Indigenous and Northern Affairs. 15 February 2013. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.[6]
  11. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Morrison, James (1998). "Biography – Tonené, Ignace". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto, Université Laval. Retrieved 26 March 2022.[7]
  12. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Morrison, James (1998). "Biography – Tonené, Ignace". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto, Université Laval. Retrieved 26 March 2022.[8]
  13. ↑ Potts, Gary (1989). Last Ditch Defense of a Priceless Homeland in Drumbeat: Anger and Renewal in Indian Country, ed. Boyce Richardson. Canada: Summerhill Press, ISBN 9780929091037 p. 212
  14. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Morrison, James (1998). "Biography – Tonené, Ignace". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto, Université Laval. Retrieved 26 March 2022
  15. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Benidickson, Jamie (1989). The Temagami Experience: Recreation, Resources, and Aboriginal Rights in the Northern Ontario Wilderness, Canada: University of Toronto Press, ISBN 9780802067135 pp. 35, 40–48, 66, 299
  16. ↑ Angus, Charlie (2022). Cobalt: Cradle of the Demon Metals, Birth of a Mining Superpower. Canada: House of Anansi Press, ISBN 9781487009496 pp. 38–43
  17. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Morrison, James (1998). "Biography – Tonené, Ignace". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto, Université Laval. Retrieved 26 March 2022.[9]
  18. ↑ McNeil, Kent (1990). "The Temagami Indian Land Claim: Loosening the Judicial Straitjacket", in Matt Bray and Ashley Thompson, eds., Temagami: A Debate on Wilderness, Toronto: Dundurn Press, ISBN 1550020862, pp. 193–194.[10]
  19. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Morrison, James (1998). "Biography – Tonené, Ignace". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto, Université Laval. Retrieved 26 March 2022
  20. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Benidickson, Jamie (1989). The Temagami Experience: Recreation, Resources, and Aboriginal Rights in the Northern Ontario Wilderness, Canada: University of Toronto Press, ISBN 9780802067135 pp. 35, 40–48, 66, 299
  21. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Morrison, James (1998). "Biography – Tonené, Ignace". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto, Université Laval. Retrieved 26 March 2022.[11]
  22. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Morrison, James (1998). "Biography – Tonené, Ignace". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto, Université Laval. Retrieved 26 March 2022.[12]
  23. ↑ Hodgins, Bruce W.; Morrison, James (1998). "Biography – Tonené, Ignace". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto, Université Laval. Retrieved 26 March 2022.[13]
  24. ↑ Angus, Charlie (2022). Cobalt: Cradle of the Demon Metals, Birth of a Mining Superpower. Canada: House of Anansi Press, ISBN 9781487009496 pp. 38–43
  25. ↑ Chief Tonene Lake. Canadian Geographical Names Database, Government of Canada. Retrieved 1 March 2022.[14]
  26. ↑ Chief Tonene Lake (Formerly Tournene Lake / lac Tournene). Canadian Geographical Names Database, Government of Canada. Retrieved 9 March 2022.[15]
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