Wikipedia

Ken Saro-Wiwa

Kenule Beeson "Ken" Saro-Wiwa o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1941, Phalane a le malatsi a le lesome, a tlhokafala ka Phalane a le malatsi a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 1995.[1] E ne e le mokwadi wa kwa Nigeria, e le motlhami wa tsa telebishine, ebile e le molwela ditshwanelo tsa tikologo.[2] Ken Saro-Wiwa e ne e le leloko la morafe wa Ogoni, kwa Ogoniland[3] kwa Niger Delta e e leng kwa Nigeria, motse o o sale o tlhotlhiwa lookwane ka dingwaga tsa 1950, ka jalo tikologo e kgotlhelesegile, ka ntlha ya go latlhiwa ga lookwane lo lo sa dirisiweng.[4]

Ken Saro-Wiwa
Setshwantsho:Ken Saro-Wiwa.jpg
Tsalo
Kenule Beeson Wiwa

(1941-10-10)10 Diphalane 1941
Bori, Colonial Nigeria
Leso10 Ngwanatsele 1995(1995-11-10) (aged 54)
Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Se se bakileng lesoExecution by hanging
TiroTempolete:Cslist
MovementMovement for the Survival of the Ogoni People
Bana5, including Ken Wiwa, Zina and Noo
Batsadi(s)
MasikaOwens Wiwa (brother)
O fetheletse


Saro-Wiwa o pele e neng e le mmueledi mme a tloga a nna tautona ya lekgotla la Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP),o ne a blotsa letsholo kgatlhanong le go kgotlhelwa ga lefatshe le metsi kwa Ogoniland ke mohama wa lookwane, bogolo jang kompone ya Royal Dutch Shell.[5] O ne a tshwaya phoso puso ya Nigeria go bo e ne e goga dinao go gagamaletsa dikompone tse di tswang kwa mafatshing a sele melao ya go berekela mo tikologong eo.[6]


Ka nako ya letsholo leo, o ne a sekisiwa ke lekgotla le le faphegileng la sesole[7] go bo a ne a loga maano a go bolaya dikgosi tsa kwa Ogoni kwa bokopanong jo bo emeng puso nokeng, o ne a kalediwa ka ngwaga wa 1995 ke puso ya kgatelelo ya ga General Sani Abacha.[8] Go bolawa ga gagwe go ne ga tsosa kgaruru mo lefatsheng ka bophara mme ga baka go seegelwa ga thoko ga lefatshe la Nigeria mo lekgotleng la Commonwealth of Nations dingwaga di le tharo.[9][10]

Botshelo jwa gagwe fetola

Fa a santse a le mmotlana fetola

Kenule Saro-Wiwa o tsholetswe kwa Bori, gaufi le Port-Harcourt, kwa Nigeria ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le malatsi a a le lesome ngwaga wa 1941.[1][2] E ne e le morwa wa ga Kgosi Jim Wiwa (o e neng e le motlhokomedi wa sekgwa mme a na le maemo mo tsamaisong ya segosi ya kwa Nigeria) le mosadi wa gagwe wa boraro Widu. O ne a fetola leina la gagwe semmuso go nna Saro-Wiwa morago ga ntwa ya kwa Nigeria.[11] O ne a nyetse Maria Saro Wiwa.[11] Motse wa ga rragwe e ne e le wa Bane kwa Ogoniland, o banni ba one ba buang teme ya Khana ya puo ya Ogoni. O feditse bonana jwa gagwe mo lolwapeng lwa kereke ya Anglican, mme a tloga a itshupa go bo e le moithuto o o botlhale. O tsene sekolo se se botlana kwa Bori,[12] mme a ya kwa go se segolwane kwa Government College Umuahia.Mo godimo ga go nna moithuto o o itshupileng, e ne e le mokapotene wa setlhopha se se tshamekang thenisi, ebile a kgobokantse dietsele tsa sekolo tsa thuto ya ditso le ya sekgowa.[13] Morago ga go fetsa sekolo se segolwane, o ne a bona thuso ya madi ya go dira dithuto tsa sekgoa kwa University of ibadan. Kwa Ibadan, o ne a tsenelela thata mo go tsa thuto le tsa ditso, o ne a fenya dietsele tsa lephata ka ngwaga wa 1963 le wa 1965 mme a berekela setlhopha sa metshameko.[14] Setlhopha se se ne se diragatsa kwa kano, Benin, Ilorin le Lagos, mme sa bereka le sa Nottingham Playhouse theater Group e Judi Dench a neng a le mo go sone.[14] O ne a nna mothusa morutuntshi kwa university of Lagos,le kwa University of Nigeria kwa Nsukka. E ne e le morutuntshi wa padi ya Afiorika kwa Nsukka fa ntwa e simologa, o ne a eme nokeng lenaneo la go kgaoganya puso, a tshwanelwa ke go tshaba kwa kgaolong eo a ya kwa motseng wa bone kwa Bori. Mo mosepeleng wa gagwe go ya Port-Harcourt, o ne a itemogela matshwititshwiti a batshabi a boelwa kwa botlhaba, selo se a reng se ne se utlusa botlhoko thata.[15] Malatsi a le mararo morago ga a sena go goroga kwa Bonny, masole a ne a tlhasela. Ene le ba lolwapa lwa gagwe ba ne ba nna kwa Bonny, a boela kwa Lagos mme a berekela kwa University of Lagos, mme a seka a nna lobaka ka o ne a bilediwa gape kwa Bonny.[16]


O ne a bilediwa gape go tla go tsamaisa toropo ya Bonny kwa niger Delta. Ka nako ya ntwa, o ne a ipaya moeteledipele wa Ogoni o nenga eme nokeng go kgaogangwa ga puso.[17] O ne a dira tiro ya gagwe a thapilwe e le mokomishinara kwa Rivers State. Buka ya gagwe e e itsegeng, Sozaboy: A novel in Rotten English ya ngwaga wa 1985, e bolela polelo ka mosimane wa kwa gae o neng a hiriwa mo sesoleng ka nako ya ntwa ka ngwaga wa 1967 go tsena 1970, e supa ditiragalo tsa tshenyetso sechaba ya sepolotiki kwa Nigeria ka nako eo. Tatediso ya ntwa, "On A Darkling Plain" ya ngwaga wa 1989, e supa maitemogelo a gagwe ka nako ya ntwa. E ne e le mogwebi wa tlhwatlhwa ebile e le motlhami wa tsa telebishini. setshwantsho sa gagwe sa metseletsele sa Basi & Company se ne se tumile thata, batho ba ka tshwara di milione di le masome a mararo ba ne ba se lebelela.[18]

Boswa jwa gagwe fetola

Loso lwa gagwe lo ne lwa gwetlha kgalefo mo mafatshefatsheng le go seegelwa fa thoko ga lefatshe la Nigeria mo lekgotleng la Commonwealth of Nations,[19] ga mmogo le busiwa ga baemedi ba lefatse kwa mafatsheng a mangwe go tla go buisana. Lefatshe la United States le a mangwe a ne a sekaseka go le otlhaya mo go tsa itsholelo.[20][21][22] Polao ya ga Saro-Wiwa e ne ya simolodisa lekgotla la ditshwanelo tsa bogwebi le batho la mafatshefatshe (Business and Human Rights).[23]

Botshelo jwa gagwe fetola

Ene le mosadi wa gagwe Maria ba ne ba na le bana ba le batlhano ba ba godisitsweng ke mmabo kwa United Kingdom fa rrabo a ne a setse kwa Nigeria. Ba akaretsa Ken Wiwa le Noo Saro-Wiwa ba botlhe e leng babegadikgang ebile e le bakwadi, lewelana la ga Noo Zina Saro-Wiwa, ke mmegadikgang ebile ke motlhami wa difilimi.[24] [25]Saro-Wiwa o ne a na le bana ba basetsana (Singto le Adele) le mosadi o mongwe.[24] O ne a na gape le morwa ebong Kwame Saro-Wiwa, o neng a na le ngwaga fela fa rragwe a bolawa.[26]

Dibuka ka botshelo jwa gagwe fetola

  • Mokwadi wa kwa Canada J. Timothy Hunt o kwadile ka go tshaba ga ga Owens Wiwa, monnawe Saro-Wiwa morago ga go bolawa ga ga mogolowe le go gomagomediwa go tshwarwa ga gagwe. O ne a tshabela Lontone, a tloga a ya Canada kwa jaanong a leng moagedi wa koo, mme a tsweletse ka go lwela se mogolowe a neng a se simolotse e leng batho ba kwa Ogoni. Buka e e bidiwa The Politics of Bones e gatisitswe ka Lwetse 2005.[27]

Metswedi fetola

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Ken Saro-Wiwa | Nigerian author and activist | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Ken Saro-Wiwa". Encyclopedia Britannica. 6 November 2020. Archived from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  3. ↑ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Nigeria: Information on the Ogoni people including where they live, names of towns and villages, languages spoken and a detailed map of Ogoni areas". Refworld. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
  4. ↑ "Ogoni 9 execution anniversary: Who be Ken Saro-Wiwa". BBC News Pidgin (in Nigerian Pidgin). 11 November 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  5. ↑ "Ken Saro-Wiwa". FantasticFiction. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  6. ↑ "Environmentalist Leader – Ken Saro-Wiwa (1941–1995)". Tunza Eco Generation. 16 November 2015. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  7. ↑ "Ken Saro-Wiwa's battle for justice". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  8. ↑ "Buhari mulls pardon for Saro-Wiwa, others 26 years after execution". Punch Newspapers. 23 October 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  9. ↑ "Ken Saro-Wiwa (1941–1995)". Ogoni News. 5 July 2019. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  10. ↑ "10 Quick Facts On Ken Saro-Wiwa". The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News. 10 November 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Doron,Falola. (2016).,p35
  12. ↑ Doron,Falola.(2016). p36
  13. ↑ Doron,Falola. (2016).p39
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Doron,Falola.(2016). p41
  15. ↑ Doron,Falola. (2016). p50
  16. ↑ "Spotlight On Ken Saro-Wiwa -- Environmental Rights Activist". nigerdeltaconnect.com. 16 October 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  17. ↑ Doron, Falola. (2016). p43
  18. ↑ Brooke, James (24 July 1987). "Enugu Journal; 30 Million Nigerians are Laughing at Themselves". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
  19. ↑ "Ken Saro-Wiwa's battle for justice". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  20. ↑ Wiwa, Ken (10 November 2015). "Finally it seems as if Ken Saro-Wiwa, my father, may not have died in vain". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  21. ↑ "Why Nigerian activist Ken Saro-Wiwa was executed". Deutsche Welle. 9 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  22. ↑ "NGOs and BBC targeted by Shell PR machine in wake of Saro-Wiwa death". Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  23. ↑ David Birchall; Surya Deva, eds. (2020). Research Handbook on Human Rights and Business. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. pp. 24–25. ISBN 9781786436405.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Henley, Jon (30 December 2011). "Nigerian activist Ken Saro-Wiwa's daughter remembers her father". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  25. ↑ Berens, Jessica (28 May 2004). "'I've seen a different face of Nigeria'". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  26. ↑ "From 'Silence Would Be Treason' - the last writings of Ken Saro-Wiwa". openDemocracy. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  27. ↑ "The Politics of Bones: Dr. Owens Wiwa and the Struggle for Nigeria's Oil". Quill and Quire. 21 October 2005. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
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