Wikipedia

Marie Curie

Mme Maria Salomea Skłodowska-Curie[1] ( née Skłodowska; 7 Ngwanatsele 1867 - 4 phukwi 1934), yo o itsegeng fela e le Marie Curie e ne e le moitseanape wa Fisikisi le wa khemiseteri wa kwa Poland le wa kwa Fora yo o neng a dira dipatlisiso ka radioactivity. E ne e le mosadi wa ntlha go gapa sekgele sa Nobel, motho wa ntlha go gapa sekgele sa Nobel gabedi, le motho a le mongwe fela go gapa sekgele sa Nobel mo dikarolong tse pedi tsa saense. Monna wa gagwe, Pierre Curie, e ne e le mofenyi-mmogo wa Sekgele sa gagwe sa ntlha sa Nobel, a ba dira banyalani ba ntlha go gapa Sekgele sa Nobel le go simolola boswa jwa lelapa la ga Curie jwa dikgele di le tlhano tsa Nobel. Ka 1906, e ne ya nna mosadi wa ntlha go nna porofesa kwa Yunibesithing ya Paris.[2]

Marie Curie
TsaloMaria Salomea Skłodowska

7 November 1867

Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire
Leso4 July 1934 (aged 66) Passy, Haute-Savoie, France
Se se bakileng lesoAplastic anemia
Ke moPoland (by birth) France (by marriage)
Alma mater[[University of Paris ESPCI]]
O itsegi kaPioneering research on radioactivity Discovering polonium and radium
MosadiPierre Curie ​(m. 1895; died 1906
BanaIrène.Ève
O fetheletseNobel Prize in Physics (1903)

Davy Medal (1903) Matteucci Medal (1904) Actonian Prize (1907) Elliott Cresson Medal (1909) Albert Medal (1910) Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911) Willard Gibbs Award (1921) John Scott Medal (1921) Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh (1931)

Scientific career

O ne a tsholelwa kwa Warsaw, e ka nako eo e neng e le Bogosi jwa Poland, e e neng e le karolo ya Mmusomogolo wa Russia. O ne a ithuta kwa Clandestine Flying Yunibesithi ya Warsaw mme a simolola thapiso ya gagwe ya saense kwa Warsaw. Ka 1891, fa a na le dingwaga di le 24, o ne a latela kgaitsadie yo mogolo e bong Bronisława go ya go ithuta kwa Paris, koo a neng a bona dikirii ya gagwe e e kwa godimo mme a dira tiro ya gagwe ya saense. Ka 1895 o ne a nyala Pierre Curie wa Mofora, mme ba ne ba abelwa sekgele sa Nobel sa Physics ka 1903 ga mmogo le Henri Becquerel ka ntlha ya tiro ya bone ya go tlhama kgopolo ya "radioactivity" - lereo le a le tlhamileng.[3][4] Ka 1906 Pierre Curie o ne a tlhokafala mo kotsing ya mo mmileng kwa Paris. Marie o ne a gapa Sekgele sa Nobel sa Khemiseteri ka 1911 ka ntlha ya go ribolola ga gagwe dielemente tsa polonium le radium, a dirisa mekgwa e a e tlhamileng ya go tlhaola di-isotope tse di radioactive. Ka kaelo ya gagwe, go ne ga dirwa dipatlisiso tsa ntlha mo lefatsheng tsa go alafa ditlhagala ka go dirisa di-isotope tsa radioactive. O ne a tlhoma Curie Institute kwa Paris ka 1920, le Curie Institute kwa Warsaw ka 1932; ka bobedi jwa tsone di santse di le ditikwatikwe tse dikgolo tsa dipatlisiso tsa kalafi. Ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya ntlha o ne a tlhama diyuniti tsa radiography tse di kgonang go tsamaya gore di kgone go dirisa marang a X-ray mo dikokelong.

Fa a santse a le moagi wa Fora, Marie Skłodowska Curie, yo o neng a dirisa maina a bobedi a lelapa,[5] [6]ga a ise a latlhegelwe ke maikutlo a gagwe a Se-Poland. O ne a ruta bomorwadie puo ya Se-Poland a bo a ba isa kwa Poland.[7] O ne a bitsa elemente ya ntlha ya khemikale e a e ribolotseng polonium, ka leina la naga ya gaabo.[8] Marie Curie o ne a tlhokafala ka 1934, a le dingwaga di le 66, kwa sanatorium ya Sancellemoz kwa Passy (Haute-Savoie), kwa Fora, ka ntlha ya aplastic anemia e e ka tswang e bakilwe ke go tshwaediwa ke marang ka nako ya patlisiso ya gagwe ya saense le ka nako ya tiro ya gagwe ya radiology kwa dikokelong ka nako ya Ntwa ya mafatshe ya ntlha.[9] Mo godimo ga dikgele tsa gagwe tsa Nobel, o amogetse ditlotla tse dingwe di le dintsi; ka 1995 o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha go fitlhwa a bolelwa ka ntlha ya ditiro tsa gagwe kwa Paris Panthéon, [10]mme Poland e ne ya itsise gore 2011 ke Ngwaga wa Marie Curie ka nako ya Ngwaga wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Khemistri. Go na le dibuka di le dintsi tse di buang ka botshelo jwa gagwe.

Botshelo le Tiro

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Władysław Skłodowski le bomorwadie (go tswa kafa molemeng) Maria, Bronisława le Helena, 1890 Maria Skłodowska o belegetswe kwa Warsaw, kwa Congress Poland mo Mmusomogolong wa Russia, ka di 7 Ngwanatsele 1867, ke ngwana wa botlhano ebile ke ene yo mmotlana mo baneng ba barutabana ba ba itsegeng[11] Bronisława, née Boguska, le Władysław Skłodowski. [12] Bo mogolowe Maria (ba ba neng ba bidiwa Mania) e ne e le Zofia (o tshotswe ka 1862, a tloga a bidiwa Zosia), Józef [pl] (o tshotswe ka 1863, a tloga a bidiwa Józio), Bronisława (o tshotswe ka 1865, a tloga a bidiwa Bronia) le Helena (o tshotswe ka 1866, a tloga a bidiwa Hela).[13][14]

Metswedi

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  1. ↑ In this Polish name, the surname is Skłodowska.
  2. ↑ Julie Des Jardins (October 2011). "Madame Curie's Passion". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  3. ↑ "The Discovery of Radioactivity". Berkeley Lab. Archived from the original on 1 November 2015. The term radioactivity was actually coined by Marie Curie ...
  4. ↑ "Marie Curie and the radioactivity, The 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics". nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Marie called this radiation radioactivity—'radio' means radiation.
  5. ↑ See her signature, "M. Skłodowska Curie", in the infobox.
  6. ↑ Her 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was granted to "Marie Sklodowska Curie" File:Marie Skłodowska-Curie's Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911.jpg
  7. ↑ Goldsmith, Barbara (2005). Obsessive Genius: The Inner World of Marie Curie. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-393-05137-7. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  8. ↑ Poland had been partitioned in the 18th century among Russia, Prussia, and Austria, and it was Maria Skłodowska Curie's hope that naming the element after her native country would bring world attention to Poland's lack of independence as a sovereign state. Polonium may have been the first chemical element named to highlight a political question
  9. ↑ "The Genius of Marie Curie: The Woman Who Lit Up the World" on YouTube (a 2013 BBC documentary)
  10. ↑ Marie Curie Enshrined in Pantheon". The New York Times. 21 April 1995. Archived from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2012
  11. ↑ "Marie Curie Facts". Nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  12. ↑ Estreicher, Tadeusz (1938). "Curie, Maria ze Skłodowskich". Polski słownik biograficzny, vol. 4 (in Polish). p. 111.
  13. ↑ "Marie Curie – Polish Girlhood (1867–1891) Part 1". American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  14. ↑ Nelson, Craig (2014). The Age of Radiance: The Epic Rise and Dramatic Fall of the Atomic Eraa. Simon & Schuster. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4516-6045-6. Archived from the original on 23 April 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
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