Mo tsamaisong ya losika e e dirisiwang mo lefatsheng le le buang Seesemane, setlogolo ke

ngwana wa monna kana wa mosadi wa monna yo o nyetseng. Setlogolo ke mosetsana mme setlogolo ke mosimane, mme ba ne ba ka bitsa bana ba ga mmaabone ba re mmangwane kgotsa malome. Lereo le le sa tseyeng letlhakore la bong

Nibling le dirisitswe mo boemong jwa mafoko a a tlwaelegileng, segolo thata mo dibukeng tse di kgethegileng.[1]

Thutafoko

fetola

Lefoko la Sefora neveu le tswa mo lefokong la Selatine nepos. Lereo nepotism, le le rayang boikanyego jwa lelapa, le tswa mo lefokong leno la Selatine. [2] Niece e tsene mo Setswaneng sa Bogare go tswa mo lefokong la Sefora sa Bogologolo nece, le le tswang mo lefokong la Selatine la nepotem.[3] Lentswe nibling, le tswang ho sibling, ke neologism e ileng ya hlahiswa ke Samuel Martin ka 1951 e le lentswe la "nephew or niece"; ha e a tlwaeleha ka ntle ho dingolwa tse ikgethang. [4]Ka dinako tse dingwe mo dipuisanong tse di akaretsang tshedimosetso e e sekasekang dilo kgotsa mo dibukeng tse di sa tlhalosiweng, go dirisiwa mafoko a a tshwanang le male nibling le female nibling go tlhalosa bana ba monna le ba mosadi ka go latelana.[5] Mafoko a a tshwanang le nibling ka dinako tse dingwe a lejwa jaaka mofuta o o sa tseyeng letlhakore wa bong mo mafokong a a ka tsewang jaaka a a tsweledisang go fetelela ga bong jwa puo ya Seesimane;[6] if le yone e ka dirisiwa ka go tshwana go kaya balosika ba e seng ba bong bo le bongwe.[7]

Mafoko a a tswang mo Seforeng a ne a emisetsa mafoko a Seesemane sa Bogare e leng nyfte, nift, nifte, go tswa mo Seesemaneng sa Bogologolo e leng nift, go tswa mo puong ya Sejeremane sa bogologolo e leng *niftiz ('mosadi wa kgaitsadie'); le Seesemane sa Bogare e leng neve, neave, go tswa mo puong ya Sejeremane sa Bogologolo e leng nefa, go tswa mo puong ya Sejeremane sa bogologolo e leng *nefô ('motlogolo').[8][9][10][11]

Go ya ka ngwao, setlogolo se ne se newa boswa jwa malome wa sone fa e le gore malome wa sone o ne a se na moruaboswa. Setlogolo se ka nna le ditshwanelo tse dintsi tsa boswa go na le morwadia malome.[12][13]

Mo mafelong a loago a a neng a sena legae le le tlhomameng kgotsa mafelo a a tshwanang le maemo a batshabi, bomalome le borre ka go tshwana ba ne ba fiwa maikarabelo a go tlhokomela barwa le bana ba bone. [14]

Mo batsading, ditso dingwe di ile tsa naya bomorwadiabone le bomalwabone maemo a a lekanang mo setšhabeng. Se ke, sekao, se se diragalang mo merafeng ya Maindia kwa Mauritius,[15] le kwa Thai Nakhon Phanom Province, koo go fetisiwa ga kitso ya setso jaaka go loga go neng go abiwa ka go lekalekana magareng ga barwadi, bomalome le bomakgadi ba morafe wa Tai So,[16] le bangwe ba batho ba Garifuna ba ba neng ba fetisetsa dipuo go bomalome ba bone.[17] Mo merafeng e mengwe e e neng e sokololela batho mo bodumeding jwa bone, lereo la "motswala" le ne le dirisiwa ka tsela e e seng ya semmuso go akaretsa maloko a basadi ba ba sa amaneng le bone a ba neng ba le basha mo go bone jaaka tsela ya go ba bontsha lorato.[18]Mo merafeng e mengwe kwa Manus Province ya Papua New Guinea, seabe sa basadi jaaka bokgaitsadiabone, barwadi ba bone le bana ba bomonnaabone se ka tswa se ne se le botlhokwa go feta maemo a bone a lenyalo mo setšhabeng. [19]

mafoko a tlaleletso

fetola

Setlogolo ke setlogolo kgotsa setlogolwana sa ngwana wa ga mogoloe kgotsa mogoloe.[20]Gape o bidiwa motlogolo/motsalwana wa mogolo.[21]

Setlogolo sa ga mmaagwe motho yo mongwe ke ngwana wa ga monnawe motho yo mongwe, a amana ka 12.5%.[22][23]

Mo ditsong dingwe le ditlwaelo tsa lelapa, go tlwaelegile go bua ka bomalome ba le mongwe kgotsa go feta ba ba tlositsweng mo kokomaneng e ntšha ba dirisa mofuta mongwe wa lefoko mmangwane kgotsa motlogolo

Metswedi

fetola
  1. Conklin, Harold C. (1964). "Ethnogenealogical method". In Ward Hunt Goodenough (ed.). Explorations in Cultural Anthropology: Essays in Honor of George Peter Murdock. McGraw-Hill. p. 35.[1]
  2. "nephew (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper. Retrieved 8 June 2016
  3. Meakins, Felicity (2016). Loss and Renewal: Australian Languages Since Colonisation. p. 91.[2]
  4. "niece, n.". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. June 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.[3]
  5. Keen, Ian (1985). "Definitions of kin". Journal of Anthropological Research. 41 (1): 62–90.[4]
  6. Conklin, Harold C. (1964). "Ethnogenealogical method". In Ward Hunt Goodenough (ed.). Explorations in Cultural Anthropology: Essays in Honor of George Peter Murdock. McGraw-Hill. p. 35.[5]
  7. Aviles, Gwen (24 August 2020). "Jennifer Lopez shares video about transgender 'nibling,' Brendon". NBC News. Retrieved 25 May 2024.[6]
  8. Buck, Carl Darling (3 July 2008). A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226228860 – via Google Books.[7]
  9. Ringe, Donald (31 August 2006). From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic: A Linguistic History of English. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191536335 – via Google Books.[8]
  10. Jones, William Jervis (19 March 1990). German kinship terms, 750–1500: documentation and analysis. W. de Gruyter. ISBN 9780899255736 – via Google Books.[9]
  11. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (19 March 1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781884964985 – via Google Books.[10]
  12. Stahl, Anne (2007). Victims who Do Not Cooperate with Law Enforcement in Domestic Violence Incidents. p. 19.
  13. Chakraborty, Eshani. "Marginality, Modes of insecurity and Indigenous Women of Northern Bangladesh" (PDF). calternatives.org. Retrieved 8 June 2016.[11]
  14. Atlani, Laàtitia; Rousseau, C…Cile (2000). "The Politics of Culture in Humanitarian Aid to Women Refugees Who Have Experienced Sexual Violence". Transcultural Psychiatry. 37 (3). McGill University: 435–449. doi:10.1177/136346150003700309. S2CID 146534532.[12]
  15. Hazareesingh, K. (January 1966). "Comparative Studies in Society and History — The Religion and Culture of Indian Immigrants in Mauritius and the Effect of Social Change — Cambridge Journals Online". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 8 (2): 241–257. doi:10.1017/S0010417500004023. S2CID 144617688. Retrieved 11 April 2016.[13]
  16. "Knowledge Management on Local Wisdom of Tai-so Community Weaving Culture in Phone Sawan District, Nakhon Phanom Province" (PDF). Npu.ac.th. Retrieved 11 April 2016
  17. "Language transmission in a Garifuna community: Challenging current notions about language death". Dialnet.unirioja.es. Retrieved 11 April 2016.[14]
  18. "Divine Domesticities : Christian Paradoxes in Asia and the Pacific". Oapen.org. Retrieved 11 April 2016.[15]
  19. Gustaffson, Berit (1999). Traditions and Modernities in Gender Roles: Transformations in Kinship and Marriage Among the M'Buke from Manus Province. p. 7.
  20. "Definition of Grandnephew by Merriam-Webster". merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 16 October 2020.[16]
  21. "Definition of Great-nephew by Merriam-Webster". merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 16 October 2020.[17]
  22. "Definition Of Half Niece by Merriam-Webster". merriam-webster.com. Merriam-webster. Retrieved 30 March 2022.[18]
  23. "Definition Of Half Nephew by Merriam-Webster". merriam-webster.com. Merriam-webster. Retrieved 30 March 2022.[19]