Wikipedia

Phatlalatso ya metsi le kgopo leswe kwa Ghana

Mohama wa phatlalatso metsi a a nowang le kgopo leswe kwa Ghana o itemogela mathata a le mmalwa, a akaretsa phitlhelelo ya kgopo leswe e e sa lekanang, metsi a a kgalang kgapetsakgapetsa, tatlhegelo ya metsi e e kwa godimo, metsi a a tswang ka bonya le kgotlelo. Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1994, mohama o o fetotswe ka go simolola lekgotla le le ikemetseng le le laolang phatlhalatso ya metsi, go simolodisa go tsaya karolo ga mohama o o ikemetseg, le go dira gore phatlhalatso e seka ya nna lefelo le lengwe ka go isa tirelo ya teng kwa dikgaolong di le lekgolo masome a mararo le borobabobedi le go oketsa seabe sa setshaba mo taolong ya mafaratlhatlha a metsi kwa magaeng.[1]

Kompone ya mafatshefatshe e ntse e okametse mafaratlhatlha a metsi kwa ditoropong fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2006 ka konteraka ya dingwaga tse tlhano e e fedileng morago ga go kgona maikaelelo mangwe fela. Phetogo e e ikaelala go oketsa kgonagalo ya go busa madi a ditatlhegelo le go ntshafatsa kompone ya Ghana Water Company Limited(GWCL).[1] Bothata bo bongwe bo bo tlhagogileng ka ntlha ya diphetogo ke dikompone tse dintsi tse di dirang tiro e le nngwe. Molao wa National Water Policy (NWP) o o simolotsweng ka ngwaga wa 2008, o ikaelela go simolola molao o o tseneletseng wa mohama o o.[2]

Kgonagalo ya go bona metsi

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Dikago tsa phatlhalatso ya metsi le kgopo leswe ga di a lekana, bogolo jang kwa magaeng. Go na le dipharologano tse dintsi gareng ga ditshedimosetso go tswa mo metsweding e e farologaneng, bontlha bongwe jwa se se dirwa ke ditlhaloso tse di farologaneng tse di dirisiwang ke dikompone tse di ntshang ditshemosetso tse. Go ya ka Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation ya UNICEF le WHO, kgonagalo ya go bona metsi le kgopo leswe e eme jaana:

Ditoropo

(51% ya palo ya batho)

Magae

(49% ya palo ya batho)

Dipalo tsotlhe
Metsi Metsi a motheo 88% 66% 78%
Kgokelo mo matlong 33% 3% 18%
Kgopo leswe kgopo leswe ya motheo 19% 9% 14%
diphaepe tse di tsamaisang leswe ? ? ?

Go ya ka pego ya MDG ya United Nations ya ngwaga wa 2015, mokgele wa go fokotsa palo ya batho ba ba sa kgoneng go bona metsi a a nowang aa babalesegileng ka sephatlo, o kgonne go fitlhelelwa kwa Ghana.[3] Bongwe mo borarong jwa mafaratlhatlha a a isang metsi kwa bathong ga a bereke, fa a mangwe a bereka ka fa tlase ga seelo se a se diritsweng. Fa godimo ga foo, phatlhalatso ya metsi a a dirisiwang mo gae e gaisana le palo e e golelang kwa godimo ya batho ba ba tlhokang metsi ka go gola ga madirelo le mehama ya temothuo.[4]


88% ya palo ya batho ba ba nnang kwa ditoropong kwa Ghana ba kgona go bona metsi a a nowang a motheo.[5] Go na le tlhoka tekatekanyo fa gare ga kgonagalo ya go bona metsi a a babalesegileng go nowa kwa ditoropong le kwa magaeng. Go ya ka Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey ya 2011, kgonagalo ya go bona metsi a a babalesegileng go nowa kwa ditoropong e kwa godimo ga ya banni ba magae ka 91% ko magaeng ke 69%.[5] Ka jalo go ikaega ka metswedi ya metsi e e sa babalesegang go kwa godimo kwa magaeng.[6]


Dikgaolo tse tharo kwa borwa jwa Ghana ga di kgone go bona metsi a a babalesegileng go nowa fa di tshwantshwangwa le lefatshe la Ghana ka bophara, ngwaga a le mongwe mo go ba le lesome o a tlhokafala pele ga a nna dingwaga di le tlhano ka ntlha ya malwetsi a a amanngwang le metsi.[7] Kwa kgaolong ya konokono ya bokone kwa Ghana, 32% ya banni ba le 2.5 million ba tlhaela go bona metswedi e e tokafaditsweng ya metsi mme gantsi ba patelesega go dirisa metsi a a kgotlelesegileng.[5] Mo go tsa kgopo ya leswe, 14% fela ya palo ya batho botlhe ba Ghana ba dirisa magokaganyane a a tokafaditsweng a kgopo leswe fa e sale ngwaga wa 2010.[8]

Motswedi wa metsi a a nowang o o tokafaditsweng Metswedi ya metsi e e sa tokafadiwang
Kgokelo ya matlo Dinoka le megobe
Didiba Emere
Didiba tse di sireleditsweng tse di epilweng Didiba tse di sa sirelediwang
Melatswana e e sireleditsweng Melatswana e e sa sirelediwang
Dimpompo tsa morafe Metsi a a rekisiwang
Metsi a ditanka
Metsi a a mo mabotlolong le mo dikgetsaneng

Tafole e e supa metswedi e e tokafaditsweng le e e sa tokafadiwang kwa Ghana fa e sale Millennium Development Goals e tla bokhutlong, go ya ka WHO le UNICEF.[9] Ka ngwaga wa 2015 o ya bokhutlong, metswedi ya metsi e e tokafaditsweng e ne e akaretsa dipompo mo malwapeng, didiba, melatswana le didiba tse di sireleditsweng le dipompo tsa morafe.[10]

Boleng jwa ditirelo

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Tswelediso ya phatlalatso ya metsi

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Go ya ka kakanyetso nngwe, kotara ya banni ba Ghana e amogela metsi a a tswang a sa kgale. 30% e kgona go bona metsi dioura di le lesome le bobedi, ga tlhano ka beke. 35% o monwge o bona metsi malatsi a le mabedi beke nngwe le nngwe. 10% o o setseng ba ba nnang kwa ntle ga toropokgolo ga ba na metsi a a tswang mo pompong gotlhelele. Go ya ka motswedi o mongwe, seemo se maswe le go gaisa: Ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2008, merafe e e nnang kwa Accra-Tema metropolis ba ne ba bona metsi gangwe ka beke, kgotsa gangwe mo bekeng tse pedi kgotsa gangwe ka kgwedi.

Tswelediso ya phatlalatso ya metsi kwa magaeng le kwa bokone jwa Ghana e ya tlhaela. Beng gae ba patelesega go ikgela metsi kwa metswedi e efarologaneng go ya ka lefelo le ba nnang mo go lone:[8]

  • Didiba - lefuti le le boteng le le epilweng, kgotsa le borilwe go fitlelela metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe. Metsi a gogiwa ka lethumpa ka pompo e e pompiwa ke motho, sediba se sireleditswe go itsa go elela ga metsi kana go wela ga leswe la dinonyane mo metsing.
  • Go beeletsa metsi a pula - metsi a pula a beelediwa a bo a tshelwa mo dikupung le di emere.
  • Metsi a a tsisiwang ka tekara a le mo ditankeng - metsi a rekisidiwa setshaba a le mo terakeng.
  • Didiba le melatswana e e sa sirelediwang - sediba se se sa sirelediwang mo go eleleng ga metsi le mo lesweng la dinonyane.
  • Kara e pegile tanka kgotsa sekupu - metsi a rekisiwa ka kara ya ditonki.
  • Metswedi e e fa godimo ga lefatshe - dinoka, matamo, megobe jalojalo. Yotlhe e na le kgonagalo ya go kgotlelesega, mo go ka nnang borai mo bathong ba ba nwang koo. E ke yone metswedi e e borai mo bathong ba Ghana, ka e na le megare e eka bakang malwetsi mo bathong, a mangwe a one a kgonang go baka loso.[11]

Kgotlelesego ya metsi

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Boleng jwa metsi a a nowang

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Go tlhoka metsi a a phepa a a babalesegileng go nowa le kgopo leswe ke seemo sa botsogo sese tshwenyang kwa Ghana, se baka 70% ya malwetsi kwa Ghana. Tiriso e e anameng ya metsi a a mo dikgetsaneng ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya metsi e baka kgotlhelesego ya lefatshe ka dipolaseteke, tse di kgotlhelang metsi, di bo di baka loso la diruiwa.[12] Madirelo a meepo ya digouta a kgotlhetse 60% ya metsi kwa Ghana.[13]

Lefatshe la Ghana le na le bana ba le sekete ba ba kwa tlase ga dingwaga tsa botlhano ba tlhokafala ka ntlha ya letshololo le le bakiwang ke metsi a a kgotlhelesegileng.[14] Metsi a a ba a agang kwa megobeng, dinoka le macha a boleng jo bo kwa tlase.Ka jalo malwapa a a senang metsi aa phepa a patelesega go dirisa metswedi e e sa tshepegeng ebile e se phepa ba bo ba duela madi a a kwa godimo.[15]

Metswedi

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 WaterAid. "National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana" (PDF). Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  2. ↑ Ghanaian Water Resources Commission. "National Water Policy". Archived from the original on 2 June 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  3. ↑ "2015 Ghana Millennium Development Goals Report". UNDP in Ghana. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  4. ↑ "Ghana". Safe Water Network. Safe Water Network. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2011"
  6. ↑ "Ghana – Water Crisis | Water.org". Water.org. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  7. ↑ "Ghana – Where We Work – WaterAid America".
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "UNICEF. 2012. Pneumonia and Diarrhoea – Tackling the deadliest diseases for the world's poorest children"
  9. ↑ "WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (2008). A Snapshot of Drinking Water and Sanitation in Africa"
  10. ↑ "United Nations. 2015. Ghana Millennium Development Goals Report" (PDF).
  11. ↑ "Ghana". WSUP. WSUP. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  12. ↑ Adam, Issahaku; Walker, Tony R.; Bezerra, Joana Carlos; Clayton, Andrea (1 June 2020). "Policies to reduce single-use plastic marine pollution in West Africa". Marine Policy. 116: 103928. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103928. S2CID 216397079.
  13. ↑ "The illegal gold mines killing rivers and livelihoods in Ghana," 11 August 2021, BBC News, retrieved 11 August 2021
  14. ↑ "Water Aid- Where we work: Ghana". Water Aid UK. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  15. ↑ Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). "African Economic Outlook 2007 – Ghana Country Note". Retrieved 25 March 2008., p. 294
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