Wikipedia

Phetogo ya loapi mo Aforika Borwa

Phetogo ya loapi mo Aforika Borwa e etelela pele koketsego ya themperetšha (temperature) le go fetogafetoga ga dipula. Bosupi bo supa fa ditiragalo tsa seemo sa loapi tse di feteletseng di e ponatsa ka ntlha ya phetogo ya loapi. [1] Se ke tlhobaelo e e masisi mo maAforika Borwa ka phetogo ya loapi e tla ama seemo ka kakaretso le boitekanelo jwa lefatshe, sekai, metswedi ya metsi. Jaaka dikarolo tse dintsi tsa lefatshe, dipatlisiso tsa loapi di supa fa kgwetho kgolo mo Aforika Borwa e ama thata le dikgang tsa tikologo go na le tsa ditlhabololo. [2] Ditamorago tse di bothoko that di itebaganya le ditlamelo tsa metsi, tse di nang le ditlamorago tse ditona mo lekala la temothuo.[3] Diphetogo tsa tikologo tse di bofefo di baka ditamorago tse di bonalang mo setšhaba le tikologo ka ditsela le dintlha tse di farologaneng, go simolla ka boleng jwa phefo, go ya ko themperetšha le dipopego tsa loapi, go leka go atomela tshireletsego ya dijo le ketegala ga malwetsi.[4]

Phetogo ya loapi e tla ama tsa temothuo mo Aforika Borwa

Mefuta ya ditamorago tsa phetogo ya loapi mo ditšhaba tsa magae di solofelwa go akaretsa: leuba, go fela ga metswedi ya metsi le mefuta ya ditshedi, kgokolego ya mmu, phukotsego ya itsholelo ya go e tshidisa le kemiso ya ditiragalo tsa setso.[5]

Aforika Borwa e ntsha kgaso ya CO2 e le ntsi, e le mogasi wa bo14 o motona go ntsha CO2.[3] Mo godimo ga alo ya batho ba ba ntshang dikhemikale, Aforika Borwa e ne e na le 9.5 tons tsa CO2 kgaso ya mowa mo mothong a le mongwe ka 2015.[3] Se se bakwa ke thulaganyo ya yone ya motlakase e etshetleleng thata mo magala le leokwane.[3] Ka karolo ya maitlamo a yone a boditšhabatšhaba, Aforika Borwa e ikanne go tlhora kgaso fa gare ga 2020 le 2025.[3]

Kgaso ya mowa o borai (Greenhouse gas emissions)

fetola

Aforika Borwa ke lefatshe la bo14 le letona go gaisa mo go ntsheng mowa o borai.[3]


Lekalana la motlakase (Energy Sector)

Aforika Borwa e na le lekala le letona la motlakase, ele ya itsholelo ya boraro e tona mo Aforika. Lefatshe le dirisetse 227 TWh ya motlakase ka 2018.[6] Bontsi jwa motlakase wa Aforika Borwa bo dirilwe go tswa magala, leokwane lone le dira 88% ka 2017.[7] Aforika Borwa ke lefatshe la bo7 le letona mo go ntsheng magala mo lefatshe.[7] Go tloga ka Phukwi 2018, Aforika Borwa e nnele le bokgone jwa go dira motlakase ka magala o di-gigawatts dile 39 (39 GW).[7] Aforika Borwa ke lefatshe la bo14 le letona go gaisa mo go ntsheng mowa o borai.[7] Aforika Borwa o rulaganya go tswa no lekalana la motlakase wa magala le lefatshe le ntsha marang a letsatsi a mantsi le maatla a phefo a terawatt ka oura mo Aforika.[8] Lefatshe le ikaelela go kgaola 34 GW wa motlakase o dirwang ka magala ka 2050.[7]

Lefatshe le ikaelela go aga bonnye jwa bokgone jwa go dira motlakase wa go ntshafadiwa ka selekanyo sa 20 GW ka 2030.[9] Aforika Borwa e ikaelela go dira motlakase wa di-megawatts tsa selekanyo sa 77,834 (MW) ka 2030, ka bokgone jo bosha jo bo tsweng metswedi e e ntšhwafalang go fitlhelela maikaelelo a go fokotsa kgaso.[10][11] Ka maikaelelo a yone a a boletsweng Thulaganyo ya go Dirisa Metswedi (Integrated Reource Plan), e itsisetse Thulaganyo ya go Rulaganya Thekiso ya Batlhagisi ba Motlakase ba ba Ikemetseng ba ba Dirisang Metswedi e e Tlhophilweng ya Motlakase (Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme), e ikaeletseng go oketsa go ntsha motlakase go tswa mo metsweding e e ntšhwafadiwang ka go beeletsa mo makalana a ikemetseng ka nosi.[12][13]


Motlakase o o ntšhwafadiwang (Renewable Energy)

Motlakase o o ntšhwafadiwang mo Aforika Borwa ke motlakase o dirilweng mo Aforika Borwa go tswa metsweding e ntšhwafadiwang, tseo tse di tlalang ka tholego - jaaka marang a letsatsi, phefo, dinoka, makhubu, pula, mowa ya tholego le maatla a mogote.[14] Motlakase o o ntšhwafadiwang o itebagantse le dikarolo dile nne (four) tsa botlhokwa: go dira motlakase, go thuthafatsa kgotsa go tsidifatsa phefo le metsi, tsa dipalamo, le ditlamelo tsa motlakase mo metseselegae.[15] Lekalana la motlakase mo Aforika Borwa ke karolo e botlhokwa mo ditsamaiso tsa motlakase lefatshe ka bophara ka ditlhabololo tsa lefatshe le kgodiso mo motlakase o o ntšhwafadiwang.[16] Mowa e e bakang kgotelo (Greenhouse gas (GHG)) ya Aforika Borwa e tlhomilwe fa bogare le palo ya motho a le mongwe o ntshang mowa (GHG) e feta ya palogare ya lefatshe ka bophara. Go batla motlakase mo lefatshe go solofetswe go oketsega ka metlha abo bo nna gabedi ka 2025.


Metswedi

fetola
  1. ↑ Republic of South Africa, National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (NCCAS), Version UE10, 13 November 2019.
  2. ↑ "Impacts of and Adaptation to Climate Change", Climate Change and Technological Options, Vienna: Springer Vienna, pp. 51–58, 2008, doi:10.1007/978-3-211-78203-3_5, ISBN 978-3-211-78202-6, retrieved 2020-11-24
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "The Carbon Brief Profile: South Africa". Carbon Brief. 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
  4. ↑ "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health". www.mdpi.com. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
  5. ↑ "Sustainability". www.mdpi.com. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
  6. ↑ "South Africa - Countries & Regions". IEA. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 "The Carbon Brief Profile: South Africa". Carbon Brief. 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
  8. ↑ "SA is the biggest wind and solar producer in Africa, but most of its energy still comes from coal". The Outlier. 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2022-06-11.
  9. ↑ "South Africa Energy Outlook – Analysis". IEA. Retrieved 2020-06-16.
  10. ↑ "Renewables in, coal out: South Africa's energy forecast". Renewable Energy World. 2019-10-18. Retrieved 2020-06-16.
  11. ↑ "Coal". Department of Energy (South Africa). Retrieved 8 January 2010.
  12. ↑ "Renewable Independent Power Producer Programme | South African Government". gov.za. Retrieved 2022-05-12.
  13. ↑ "THE SOUTH AFRICAN ENERGY SECTOR REPORT 2021" (PDF). 2021.
  14. ↑ Ellabban, Omar; Abu-Rub, Haitham; Blaabjerg, Frede (2014-11-01). "Renewable energy resources: Current status, future prospects and their enabling technology". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 39: 748–764. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.113
  15. ↑ "Renewables 2010 Global Status Report" (PDF). www.ren21.net. September 24, 2010. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
  16. ↑ Pegels, Anna (2010). "Renewable Energy in South Africa: Potentials, Barriers, and options for support". Energy Policy. 38 (9): 4945–4954. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.077.
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