Wikipedia

Seemo sa loapi sa Aferika

Seêmô sa loapi sa Aforika se mefuta ê e farologaneng ya seêmo sa loapi ê e tshwanang le seêmô sa loapi sa ekhweitha, seemô sa loapi sa boboatsatsi e e bongola le sê se omileng, seêmô sa loapi sa dipula tsa boboatsatsi, seêmô sê se ômêlêtseng (e e ômêlêtseng le e ômêlêtseng), tlelaemeleme ya sekaka se se bongola sa boboatsatsi le tlelae ya dithaba tsa boboatsatsatsi. Maêmo a bosa a a tsiditsana ga a tlwaelega go ralala kontinentê ntle le kwa mafelông a a kwa godimo thata le go bapa le melelwane. Tota e bile, tlelaemete ya Afrika e fetofetoga thata go ya ka palo ya pula go na le dithemperetšha, tsê di nnang di le kwa godimo. Dikaka tsa Aforika ke dikarolo tsê di nang le letsatsi le tse di omileng thata mo kontinenteng, ka ntlha ya go nna teng ga dithaba tsa boboatsatsi tse di nang da moya o o kwa tlase, o o mogote, o o omileng. Afrika e na le direkoto tse dintsi tse di amanang le mogote: kontinente e na le kgaolô e e mogote go di gaisa tsotlhe ngwaga otlhe, mafelo a a nang le tlelaemete e e mogota go di gaisa tsa selemô, nakô e e kwa godimo ya letsatsi, le tse dingwe.

Mafelo a tlelaemete ya Afrika, a a bontshang pharologano ya ikholoji fa gare ga Sekaka sa Sahara (se sehibidu), tlelaemate e e mogote ya Sahel (se se namune) le tlelaemelo ya boboatsatsi ya Afrika Bogare le Bophirima (botala jwa loapi). Aforika Borwa e na le phetogo go ya go tlelaemete ya boboatsatsi le ya tlelaememete ya magareng (botala le serolwana), le dikgaolo tse dingwe tsa sekaka kgotsa tse di omeletseng, tse di fa gare ga Namibia, Botswana le Aferika Borwa.
Mmapa wa Afrika o o bontshang go kgaogana ga ikholoji go dikologa Sekaka sa Sahara

Dithemperetšha

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Palogare ya kgwedi le kgwedi le themperetšha e e kwa tlase ya kwa ntle le ya mo teng ga ntlo go ralala Afrika

Mo lefatsheng lotlhe, go gotela ga lefatshe gaufi le ekhweitha go dira gore go nne le go tlhatlogela kwa godimo thata le go tsamaisiwa ga metsi go bapa le kgogometso ya dipula tsa pula kgotsa Intertropical Convergence Zone. Go farologana ga kgogometso e e gaufi le ekhweitha go dira gore moya o tlhatlogele kwa godimo le go tswa mo ekhweitha kwa godimo. Fa e ntse e ya kwa Mid-Latitudes, mowa o a tsidifala le go nwela, se se dirang gore o wele kwa tlase gaufi le 30th parallel of both hemispheres. Tsamaiso eno e itsege jaaka sele ya Hadley mme e dira gore go nne le mokgokolosa wa boboatsatsi. Bontsi jwa dikaka tsa lefatshe di bakiwa ke mafelo a a nang le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya tlelaemete, go akaretsa le Sekaka sa Sahara.

themperetšha e mogote thata mo dikgaolong tsa Sahara tsa Algeria le Mali, mme e tsididi thata kwa borwa le kwa bogodimong jwa lefatshe mo dikarolong tsa botlhaba le bokonebophirima jwa kontinente. Themperetšha e e bothitho go gaisa mo lefatsheng e kwa Dallol, Ethiopia, e e nang le themperetšha ya 33.9 °C (93.0 °F) ngwaga otlhe. Themperetšha e e kwa godimo go gaisa e e neng ya begiwa mo Afrika, e gape e neng e le rekoto ya lefatshe, e ne e le 57.8 °C (136.0 °F) kwa 'Aziziya, Libya, ka 13 Lwetse 1922. Moragonyana go ne ga lemogiwa gore seno ga se boammaaruri, ka gonne thermometer e ne e sa bala sentle. Lefelo le le mogote thata mo lefatsheng ke Death Valley, kwa California. Themperetšha e e bonalang, e e amanang le themperetšha le bongola, go bapa le lotshitshi lwa Lewatle le Lehibidu kwa Eritrea le lotshitshi lwa Kgogometso ya Aden kwa Somalia e fa gare ga 57 °C (135 °F) le 63 °C (145 °F) mo diureng tsa thapama. Themperetšha e e kwa tlase e e neng ya lekanngwa mo Afrika e ne e le -24 °C (-11 °F) kwa Ifrane, Morocco, ka 11 Tlhakole 1935. Le fa go ntse jalo, karolo e kgolo ya Afrika e na le mogote o o feteletseng mo e ka nnang ngwaga otlhe, segolobogolo kwa dikakeng, kwa dikarolong tse e seng tsa sekaka, kwa dithabeng tse di se nang metsi le kwa dithabeng tse di dithaba. Go ka twe dikaka tsa Afrika ke mafelo a a mogote thata mo lefatsheng, segolobogolo Sahara le Danakil, tse di kwa karolong e e kwa bokone jwa Afrika.

Phefo

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Mokgatsha o o kwa botlhaba jwa Afrika o tsewa o na le seabe se se botlhokwa mo dipula tsa pula tsa borwabophirima jwa Afrika, mme o thusa go bopa makhubu a boboatsatsi a a tsamayang go kgabaganya Atlantic ya boboatsatsi le karolo ya botlhaba ya Pacific ka paka e e bothitho.[1][2] Jet e bontsha go sa tlhomamang ga barotropic le baroclinic, go go tlhagisang go kgoreletsega ga selekanyo sa synoptic, go ya kwa bophirima mo jet e e itsegeng jaaka makhubu a botlhaba jwa Afrika, kgotsa makhubu ya boboatsatsi. Palo e nnye ya ditsuatsue tsa mesoscale tse di tsentsweng mo makhubung ano di fetoga ditsuatsane tsa boboatsatsi morago ga go fuduga go tswa kwa bophirima jwa Afrika go ya kwa Atlantic ya boboatsatsi, bogolo jang ka kgwedi ya Phatwe le Lwetse. Fa jet e le kwa borwa jwa se se tlwaelegileng ka dikgwedi tse di kwa godimo tsa paka ya kgwanyape ya Atlantic, go bopega ga kgwanyape kwa boboatsatsi go a thibelwa.[3]

Tlhatlogo ya metsi

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Mmêpê wa kgamogo ya lefatshe

Dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa Aforika Bokone le Aforika Borwa gammogo le Horn ya Aforika yotlhe di na le tlelaemete e e mogote ya sekaka, kgotsa tlelaemelo e e mogota e e omeletseng mo mafelong a a bongola. Sekaka sa Sahara kwa Bokone jwa Aforika ke sekaka se se mogote go gaisa mo lefatsheng mme ke nngwe ya mafelo a a mogote, a a omileng le a a nang le letsatsi mo Lefatsheng. Kwa borwa jwa Sahara go na le sekaka se se tshesane se se bidiwang Sahel, fa mafelo a a kwa borwa jwa Afrika a na le dipoa tsa savanna, mme karolo ya bogare e na le dikgaolo tsa dikgwa tse di kitlaneng (dikgwa tsa pula). Kgaolo ya ekhweitha e e gaufi le Intertropical Convergence Zone ke karolo e e bongola thata ya kontinente. Ngwaga le ngwaga, pula e e kgabaganyang kontinente e ya kwa bokone go ya kwa Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara ka Phatwe, mme e bo e boela kwa borwa go ya kwa borwa-bogare jwa Afrika ka Mopitlwe.[4] Mafelo a a nang le tlelaemete ya sekgwa mo Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara, jaaka Ghana, Burkina Faso, Darfur, Eritrea, Ethiopia, le Botswana a na le paka e e tlhomologileng ya dipula.[5][6][7][8] El Nino e felela ka maemo a a omileng go feta a a tlwaelegileng mo Afrika Borwa go tloga ka Sedimonthole go fitlha ka Phatwe, le maemo a a bongola go feta a tlwaelegang mo Afrika Botlhaba ya ekhweitha mo nakong e e tshwanang.[9]

Kapoko le dikgapetla tsa aese

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Kapoko mo Dithabeng tsa Atlas kwa Morocco

Kapoko e diragala mo e ka nnang ngwaga le ngwaga mo dithabeng dingwe tsa Aforika Borwa, go akaretsa tsa Cedarberg le go dikologa Ceres kwa South-Western Cape, le kwa Drakensberg kwa Natal le Lesotho. Tiffendell Resort, kwa Drakensberg, ke yone fela lefelo la kgwebo la go relela mo kapokong mo Aforika Borwa, mme e na le "bokgoni jo bo gatetseng pele jwa go dira kapoko" jo bo letlelelang go relela ka dikgwedi di le tharo tsa ngwaga.[10] Mountain Club of South Africa (MCSA) le Mountain and Ski Club (MSC) tsa Yunibesithi ya Cape Town ka bobedi di na le matlwana a go relela mo dithabeng tsa Hex River.[11] Go relela mo kapokong go akaretsa go relela mo aeseng kwa Cape ke selo se se sa itumediseng, go ya ka nako ya go wa ga kapoko, le gore a go na le kapoko e e lekaneng go khurumetsa matlapa.Tempolete:Excerpt

  1. ↑ Cook, Kerry H. "Generation of the African Easterly Jet and Its Role in Determining West African Precipitation". Retrieved 8 May 2008.
  2. ↑ Landsea, Chris. AOML Frequently Asked Questions. "Subject: A4) What is an easterly wave?" Retrieved 8 May 2008.
  3. ↑ Climate Prediction Center (November 1997). "Figure 7". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  4. ↑ Mitchell, Todd (October 2001). "Africa Rainfall Climatology". University of Washington. Archived from the original on 2014-09-04. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
  5. ↑ Vandervort, David (2009). "Darfur: getting ready for the rainy season". International Committee of the Red Cross. Retrieved 6 February 2009.
  6. ↑ Mebrhatu, Mehari Tesfazgi; M. Tsubo, and Sue Walker (2004). "A Statistical Model for Seasonal Rainfall Forecasting over the Highlands of Eritrea". New directions for a diverse planet: Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress. Retrieved 8 February 2009.
  7. ↑ Alex Wynter (2009). Ethiopia: March rainy season "critical" for southern pastoralists. Thomson Reuters Foundation. Retrieved on 6 February 2009.
  8. ↑ The Voice (2009). "Botswana: Rainy Season Fills Up Dams". allAfrica.com. Retrieved 6 February 2009.
  9. ↑ "La Niña Weather Likely to Last for Months | Scoop News".
  10. ↑ "Skiing and Snowboarding". Tiffendell. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  11. ↑ "UCT Mountain and Ski Club". Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
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