Ruth Williams Khama
Ruth Williams Khama, Lady Khama o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1923 kgwedi ya Morule e tlhola malatsi a le
| Ruth Williams Khama | |
|---|---|
| Setshwantsho:Photo of Ruth Williams Khama.jpg | |
| 1st First Lady of Botswana | |
| In office 30 September 1966 – 13 July 1980 | |
| President | Seretse Khama |
| Pele Ga Gagwe | Office created |
| Morago Ga Gagwe | Gladys Olebile Masire |
| Ka Ga Ena | |
| O tsetswe | Ruth Williams 9 Sedimonthole 1923 Blackheath, London |
| O Tlhokafetse | 22 Motsheganong 2002 (aged 78) Gaborone, Botswana |
| Polokelo | Royal Cemetery, Serowe, Botswana |
| Mokgatlho | Botswana Democratic Party |
| Mo/Bakapelo | |
| Bana | Jacqueline Khama Ian Khama Tshekedi Khama II Anthony Khama |
boferabongwe, a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 2002, kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, e ne e le mosadi wa ga Sir Seretse Khama, o e neng e le tautona ya ntlha ya lefatshe la Botswana, e bile e le kgosikgolo ya morafe wa Bangwato. O ne a bereka e le mohumagadi wa ga tautona wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1996 go ema ka wa 1980.[1]
Botshelo jwa fa a santse a gola
fetolaLady Khama o ne a fiwa leina la Ruth Williams fa a tsholwa kwa Meadowcourt Road, Blackheath kwa bokone jwa Lontone.[2] E ne ele morwadia George le Dorothy Williams.[3] Rraagwe o berekile e le molaodi (captain) mo sesoleng sa kwa Britain se se neng se berekela kwa India,[4] mme a tloga a bereka mo go gwebeng ka tee. O ne a na le motsalwa le ene wa mosadi a bidiwa Muriel William-Sanderson o ba neng ba utlwana thata.[5]
O ne a tsena sekolo kwa Eltham Hill Grammar School, mme a tloga a bereka e le mokgweetsi wa ambulense ya Women's Auxiliary Airforce kwa bokone jwa Enyelane ka nako ya ntwa ya lefatshe ya bobedi.[6] Morago ga ntwa, o ne a bereka e le mokwaledi wa kompone ya underwriters ya Cuthbert Heath kwa Lloyd's of London.
Lonyalo
fetolaKa ngwaga wa 1947, kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, go ne ga nna le mmino kwa Nutford House o rulagantswe ke mokgatlho wa London Missionary, mogolowe o ne a mo itsise Kgosi Seretse Khama. E ne e le ngwana wa ga Kgosi Sekgoma wa bobedi wa Bangwato mme a ithutela tsa molao kwa Inner Temple kwa Lontone morago ga go fetsa ngwaga kwa Balliol College kwa Oxford. Bobedi jo bo ne bo rata mmino wa jazz, bogolo jang wa The Ink Spots, mme ba ratana mo nakong e e sa fediseng pelo.[7] Seretse Khama e ne e le monna wa ntlha Ruth a bua le ene a le montsho.[8] Pego ya ngwaga wa 1952 e supa fa Ruth e ne e le mosadi o o pelokgale.[8]
Leano la bone la go nyalana le ne la tsosa kgaruru mo baeteledipele ba Bechuanaland le puso ya Aforika Borwa e e neng e sa tswa go go tlhoma lenaneo la tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala e e itsegeng jaaka apatheid.[9] Lefatshe la Britain le ne le aga bomo e go neng go bonwa e le botlhokwa go tshwarelela maemo ga lefatshe la Britain, go ne go bonwa go le botlhoka gape gore barekesi ba uranium ba bo ba tswa mo mafatsheng a selekanye; lefatshe la Aforika Borwa la fitlhelwa le na le uranium e ntsi e e neng e ka epiwa ka madi a kwa tlase ke batho bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ba ba neng ba duelwa dituelo tse di ko tlase thata mo baeping ba basweu.[10] Uranium e ne e bonwa gape mo mafatsheng a selekanye a tshwana le Canada, mme uranium ya Canada e ne e epiwa boteng ke baepi ba ba neng ba duelwa mo go duleng letsogo, se se neng sa baka gore uranium ya Canada e ture go feta ya Aforika Borwa. Ka jalo ka mabaka a tlhwatlhwa, puso ya ga mmamosadinyana e ne e bona go le botoka go reka uranium kwa Aforika Borwa go aga bomo ya bone.[10] Puso ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya tlhamalatsa gore maikaelelo a bone a go rekisetsa Britain uranium a ka kgorelediwa ke lonyalo lo. Puso ya Britain e ne ya tsenelela ka go emisa lonyalo lo.[11] Ruth le Khama ba ne ba tsena kereke ya Anglican, ba batla go nyadisiwa mo kerekeng ya England, mme ope wa bone a seka a bona moruti o o neng a dumela go ba nyadisa.[8] Bishopo wa Lontone William Sand, are o ka letlelela lonyalo lwa kereke fela fa puso e dumalana.[12]
Baratani ba ne ba nyalana kwa Keningston Register Office ka ngwaga wa 1984, kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boferabongwe. [11]Lonyalo lo ne lwa ngoka ba dikgang, jaaka mmega dikgang wa Canada Mackenzie Porter a ne a kwala ka 1952 are babegadikgang ba ne bona lonyalo lo e le kgang e tshwanetseng go kwalwa mo tsebeng ya ntlha ya dipampiri. "Fa ga bo go kopane mojwaboswa wa bogosi jwa kwa goora Khama o o neng a itlhokomolosa mathata a ka bakiwang ke go nyala motho wa lotso lo sele, le mosetsana wa lekgowa o o neng a eletsa go nna kgosigadi ya mo Aforika, o o godisitsweng a sa solofela sepe fa e se ntlo le monna o o tla pagamang base moso le moso".[8] Daniel Malan, tonakgolo wa nako e o kwa Aforika Borwa o ne a tlhalosa fa lonyalo lo lo ferosa sebete.[12][13] Julius Nyerere, o e neng a ithutela borutabana ka nako e o mme a tloga a nna tautona wa Tanzania, o ne a re ke nngwe ya dipolelo tsa lorato tse dikgolo mo lefatsheng ka bophara.[11]
| Ruth Williams Khama | |
|---|---|
| 1st First Lady of Botswana | |
| In role 30 September 1966 – 13 July 1980 | |
| President | Seretse Khama |
| Pele Ga Gagwe | Office created |
| Morago Ga Gagwe | Gladys Olebile Masire |
| Ka Ga Ena | |
| O tsetswe | Ruth Williams 9 Sedimonthole 1923 Blackheath, London |
| O Tlhokafetse | 22 Motsheganong 2002 (aged 78) Gaborone, Botswana |
| Polokelo | Royal Cemetery, Serowe, Botswana |
| Mokgatlho | Botswana Democratic Party |
| Mo/Bakapelo | Seretse Khama (1948–1980; his death) |
| Bana | Jacqueline Khama Ian Khama Tshekedi Khama II Anthony Khama |
Metswedi
fetola- ↑ Ramsay,Jeff.(2021-07-01)."Seretse Khama Centenary: A profile of our first president".Mmegi Online.Retrieved 2022-05-22.
- ↑ Q. N. Parsons, "Khama, Sir Seretse (1921–1980)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2011 accessed 23 March 2016.
- ↑ "A Life of Service - Lady Khama", Sunday Standard, 20 August 2012
- ↑ The “Unfortunate Marriage” of Seretse Khama | Inner Temple. Retrieved 2022-05-22.
- ↑ "Sir Seretse Khama’s sister in law, Muriel Sanderson, is no more", The Monitor, 29 June 2015
- ↑ Donnelly,Marea.(2016-12-16)."How a mixed-race love affair caused an international furore".The Daily Telegraph.Retrieved 2020-05-30.
- ↑ Cornwell, Rupert (30 May 2002), "Ruth Khama: Bride in 'a marriage of inconvenience'", The Independent.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Porter,Mackenzie.(15 May 1952)."The Ordeal of Seretse and his White Queen Ruth".Maclean's.Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ↑ "Botswana - Botswana since independence".Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved 2021-05-24.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Williams (2006).p 36.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Williams (2006).p 68.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Arnold, Guy (29 May 2002), "Obituary: Lady Ruth Khama", The Guardian.
- ↑ "Lady Khama" (obituary), The Daily Telegraph, 24 May 2002