Wikipedia

Gaborone

Toropokgolo ya Botswana
(Go tswa ko Gaborone, Botswana)

Gaborone,ke leina le le gatisitsweng kana le le biditsweng go reelela toropo ka Kgosi Gaborone. Gaborone ke toropo kgolo mo Botswana, e na le palo ya batho ba le 231,626. Dipalo tse di gatisitswe ka ngwaga wa 2011 go ya ka dipatlisiso tsa ba palo batho,[9] se e le sesupo sa gore 10% ya Botswana jotlhe ka bophara e kwa Gaborone.

Toropo ya Gaborone
From top to bottom: skyline view of Gaborone, statue of Seretse Khama, the city centre of Gaborone, bird's-eye view of Gaborone
From top to bottom: skyline view of Gaborone, statue of Seretse Khama, the city centre of Gaborone, bird's-eye view of Gaborone
Nickname(s): 
Gabs, GC, Gabz, G-CityG-City,Moshate
Satellite image of Gaborone
Satellite image of Gaborone
Naga Botswana
KgaoloGaborone
Kgaolo-potlanaGaborone
Founded1964[1]
Named forKgosi Gaborone
Government
 • TypeCity commission government
 • BodyGaborone City Council
 • MayorThata Father Maphongo[2] (BCP)
 • Deputy MayorSeikise "Lotty" Manyepedza[3] (BCP)
Area
[4]
 • City169 km2 (65 sq mi)
Elevation
[5]
983 m (3,225 ft)
Palo batho
 (2011)[6]
 • City231,626
 • Density1,400/km2 (3,500/sq mi)
 • Metro
421,907
Time zoneUTC+2 (Central Africa Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (not observed)
Geographical area code[7][8]3XX
ISO 3166 codeBW-SE
WebsiteGaborone City Council Website

Toropo ya Gaborone e agetswe fa gare ga thaba ya Kgale le Oodi, fa nokeng ya Notwane, mo borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana, gape e gaufi le molelwane wa Aforika borwa.[10] Toropo e e, nale lebala la difofane la Sir Seretse Khama kwa difofane di gorogelang teng. Ke kgaolo ya bodiredi le boeteledipele ka bo yone, gape ke motsemogolo wa kgaolo ya metse e e mo borwabotlhaba.[11] Banni ba Botswana ba bitsa toropo e ba re Gabs kana GC fa ba e boka .[12]

Gaborone o ne a agiwa go nna motsemogolo ka ngwaga wa 1960 fa lefatshe la Bechuanaland Protectorate le tsaya puso, fa e nna lefatshe le le ikemetseng ka nosi. Mo gare ga toropo e go na le madirelo a dikgwebo, marekisetso, le mafelo a ga goromente a agilweng kwa bophirima jwa marekisetso . Toropo e ke nngwe ya ditoropo tse di golang mo lefatsheng, se se bakile mathata a tlhaelo ya lefatshe le go ipaya mo go seng ka fa molaong. Toropo e e nale dikgotlhang tse di tsenang mo lefatsheng go tswa ko Zimbabwe le Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa 1980.

Gaborone ke motsemogolo gape ke toropo ya itsholelo; toropo ya bokopanelo jwa dikomponi le go fetola madi mo Botswana. Gaborone gape ke legae la Sethopha sa thabololo sa Aforika (SADC) komponi ya dichaba, ka tsholofelo ya go godisa itsholelo.

Ditso tsa Gaborone

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Setempe sa poso sa 1943 se se balagang "Gaborone's Village"
 
Rev. Derek Jones, rratoropo wa ntlha wa Gaborone

Bosupi bo supa gore go ne go na le banni ba ntlha fa lotshitshing la noka ya Notwane. Mo ditso tsa gompieno, Kgosi Gaborone o ne a tswa ko Magaliesberg go nna mo lefelong le ka 1880, a bo a bitsa lefelo le a re Moshaweng . Lefoko Gaborone ka thaloso le raya gore go lekana sentle ga go maswemaswe kana ga se gore ga le a siama .[13] Toropo e e ne ya bidiwa Gaberones ke banni ba ntlha ba ko Europa.[14] lefoko la Gaberones, le le adimilweng mo motseng wa Gaborone , o biditswe fa morago ga leina la [10]kgosi ya BaTlokwa[10] kgosi Gaborone, yo motse wa gagwe jaanong o bidiwang Tlokweng, o ne o le kakwa ga noka fa goneng go na le kago ya ga goromente ,leina la bokopanelo jwa ga goromente wa puso ya mmamosadinyana. Leina la go tshameka la, GC , le tswa mo leineng la kampa ya goromente .[12] Ka ngwaga wa 1890, Cecil John Rhodes o ne a tlhopha Gaberones go aga puso ya mmamosadinyana[15] lefelo le ke ko Rhodes a nea loga loano la Jameson Raid .[14] Toropo e ne ya fetola leina go tswa ko go Gaberones go Gaborone ka 1969.[16]

Ka ngwaga wa 1965 ,toropo kgolo ya Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne ya fuduga go tswa ko Mafikeng go tla ko Gaberones. Fa Botswana a tsaya puso motse wa Lobatse e ne e le one motse wa ntlha go tlhophiwa go nna motsemogolo wa lefatshe. Mme, Lobatse o ne o le monnye thata, gape go na le go dira jalo, motsemogolo o mosha o ne o ka agiwa gaufi le Gaberones.[12] Toropo e e ne ya thophiwa ka lobaka la yone la gonna le motswedi wa metsi a a phepha, gape gore e ne e bapile le seporo se se yang Pretoria, gape e ne e le magare ga mefare ya bogare, le lothoko la yone go amana le merafe e e neng e e dikologile.[10]

Toropo e e ne ya logelwa leano ka fa tlase ga ditsetlana tsa tshingwana tsa toropo le ditsela tse dintsi tsa batsaya ka dinao.[17] Kago ya toropo ya Gaborone e simolotse magare ga ngwaga wa 1964. Ka nako e toropo e ne e agiwa, modulasetilo wa lekaishane la Gaberones, Geoffrey Cornish, o ne a tshwantshanya dipopego tsa toropo jaaka galase, e na le diofisi tsa goromente mo bo gare jwa galase le madirelo a kgwebo mo mafelo a marekisetso, kago ya teng e tswa mo bogare.[18]

Bontsi jwa bontlha bongwe jwa toropo bo agilwe mo dingwageng tse tharo. Dikago tsa ntlha mo Gaborone di akaretsa palamente, diofisi tsa goromente, madirelo a leokwane, sepatela, dikolo, madirelo a seromamoa, megala ya thaeletsanyo, madirelo a sepodise, poso le a mangwe a fetang dikgolo..[19] Ka gonne toropo e ne e agiwa ka ka bo nako, go ne go na le baagi ba bantsi ba agile madulo e se ka fa molaong, mo toropong e ntsha ka fa madirelong a ko bothaba. Mafelo a a ne a bitswa Naledi. Naledi ka thaloso o rayaNaledi , mme gape leka raya ko tlase ga lewapi le le bolegileng kana motse o kgethegileng mo metseng e mengwe . Ka ngwaga wa 1971, ka ntateng ya go oketsega ga madulo e se ka fa molaong, khansele ya toropo ya Gaborone le bodiredi jwa goromente le mantlo ba ne ba sekaseka lefelo la Bontleng, le le neng la nna le mantlo a thwathwa e e ko tlase. Mme fela, Naledi a tswelela ka go gola, le lethoko la mantlo la oketsega go feta. Ka ngwaga wa 1973, koporase ya mntlo ya Botswana (BHC) ya aga Naledi yo mosha, ka kwa ga tsela go tswa mo "Naledi wa bogologolo". Banni ba Naledi o mogologolo ba fudugela ko Naledi yo mosha. Mme fela, lethoko la mantlo la gola gape; go feta mo banni ba ba fudugetseng ko Naledi yo mosha ba ne ba seka ba rata mantlo a teng. Mathata a a rarabololwa ka ngwaga wa 1975 fa Sir Seretse Khama, tautona ya Botswana, fetola Naledi g tswa mo mafelo a dikomponi go ya ko lefelo la matlo a thwathwa e eko tlase.[20]

Ka kgwedi ya lwetsi e le masome mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, Bechuanaland e ene ya nna lefatshe la bo lesome le motso go ipusa go tswa mo pusong ya mmamosadinyana mo Aforika. Rra toropo wa ntlha wa Gaborone e ne ele moruti Derek Jones.[21] Gaberones wa bogologolo o ne wa nna toropo ya Gaborone o mosha, jaanong o itsege jaaka "Village".[12]

Mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa 1980,lefatshe la Aforika borwa la tlhasela Botswana le bo le dira dithaselo mo Gaborone le melelwane e mengwe ya toropo(towns). Ditlhaselo tse di ne tsa dira gore batho ba le lesome le boraro ba latlhegelwe ke matshelo[22]

Morago ga ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa 1994, dingongorego tsa tsoga mo Gaborone ke ntata ya letlhoko la ditiro le dikgang tse dingwe.[22]

Mo tsatsing la gompieno Gaborone o gola ka bonako. ka ngwaga wa 1964, Gaborone o ne a nale banni ba le 3,855;[23] dingwaga tse supa morago, toropo ya bo e na le banni ba le 18000.[24] Toropo e e ne e agetswe banni ba le 20,000, mme ka ngwaga wa 1992, toropo ke fa e nale batho ba le 138,000. Se se ne sa dira gore go nnele bo maipaya fela mo mafelong a a sa tlhabololwang.[25] Mmatoropo wa pele Veronica Lesole o ne a bua gore mathata a dithabololo tsa toropo ya Gaborone e bakilwe ke baagi ba toropo ba ntlha..[26]

Lefatshe

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Gaborone o agilwe 24°39′29″S 25°54′44″E / 24.65806°S 25.91222°E / -24.65806; 25.91222 magare ga thaba ya Kgale le Oodi, mo nokeng ya Notwane mo borwabothaba jwa Botswana, le 15 km (9.3 mi) go tswa mo molelwaneng wa Aferika borwa[10] Gaborone o dikanyegilwe ke ditoropo tse di latelang: Ramotswa ko borwabothaba, Mogoditshanemo bokonibothaba, le Mochudi ko bothaba, le Tlokweng fa o kgabaganya noka. Bontsi jwa tsone ke ditoropo tsa batsamai ba Gaborone. Mafelo a Gaborone a akaretsa Broadhurst, Gaborone West, Village, Naledi,[10] le Canada yo mosha. Phakalane,toropo e e humileng, e ko bokoni jwa mafelelo a toropo.[27]

Mo bogare jwa toropo go na le mafelo a marekisetso, a madi le bojanala mo Gaborone. Mafelo s na le dibanka tse dintsi le marekisetso. Ko bothaba jwa madirelo a kgwebo, motho o ka fithela lefelo la Civic centre le setshwntsho sa pula go ikgakolola boipuso jwa Botswana. Mafelo a go fetola madi le dithotho, polokele ya ditsho le botaki/1}, le mmadikole wa Botswana le tsone di gaufi le madirelo a kgwebo. Ko bophirima jwa madirelo a kgwebo go na le dikago tsa goromente. Lefelo le le na le dikago tsa palamente le ntlo ya dikgosi. Le ntlo ya ditso ya sechaba e fithelwa fa.

Tsa loapi

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Gaborone
Climate chart (explanation)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
143
 
32
20
 
 
82
 
32
19
 
 
74
 
30
17
 
 
30
 
28
13
 
 
8.3
 
24
9
 
 
7.5
 
23
4
 
 
1
 
23
5
 
 
0.9
 
26
8
 
 
5.8
 
31
15
 
 
5.8
 
33
17
 
 
58
 
33
18
 
 
71
 
32
18
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [28]

Gaborone ke lefelo le le mogote o o fagare. nako tse dintsi mo ngwageng Gaborone o letsatsi. Selemo thatathata se mogote. Masigo a tshiditsana. Thatathata, selemo se se na le pula e nnye se bothitho ga na le selemo se se nale pula e e tlwelesegileng. Fa go na le leuba, mogote mo ngwageng o nna ka ferikgong le thakole. Fa go na le dipula tse di tlwaelesegileng, mogote o montsi o nna ka kgwedi ya Phalane, pele ga dipula di simologa. Ka mariga, mo letsatsing go bothitho, fa bosigo go le tsididi.[29]

Go na le malatsi a le lesome le bosupa le bone mo ngwageng mo mogote o nnang ko godimo. 32 °C (90 °F). Go na le malatsi a le lekgolo le masome a boferabongwe le borataro mo ngwageng mo mogote o nnang ko godimo 26 °C (79 °F). Mo ngwageng go na le malatsi a le lesome le bothano a le ng gore mogote o ke tlase. 7 °C (45 °F). Mo ngwageng go na le letsatsi le le lengwe mo e leng gore seemo sa mogote se ko tlase 0 °C (32 °F).[30] Seemo sa monyo se golela ko godimo ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong le Thakole le ka 16 °C (61 °F) seemo se se ko tlase ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo2 °C (36 °F). Seemo sa monyo mo ngwageng ke10 °C (50 °F).[30]

Go na ga pula mo Gaborone go go diragale thata. Pula gantsi mo Gaborone e na ka selemo gare ga kgwedi ya Phalane le Moranang.[29] Go na le dipula tsa ditladi ka malatsi a masome mane mo ngwageng, bontsi jwa tsone di diragala ka dikgwedi tsa selemo, le malatsi a mane morago ga mmuane, go diragala thata ka mariga.[30] Gaboroneo amilwe ke merwalela ga nna ga raro, fa go lebeletswe dikgatiso tsa ngwaga wa 1995, le 2000, o mongwe ka 2001 e e bakileng, ditshenyo tse di didikadkike tsa madi, o mongwe o ne wa nna ka ngwaga wa 2006.[28]

Go koloba mo go ntsi go diragala ka Seetebosigo le bonnye ka lwetsi.[29]

Bothitho jo bontsi jwa selekanyo se se magare ga lesome le bone bo nna ka Seetebosigo le masome mabedi le borataro ka Morule.[29]

Go diphefo go tswa ka kgwedi ya Phatwe go ya ko ya Ngwanatsele ka, go bo go didimala go tswa ka Motsheganong go ya ko kgwedi ya Phukwi ka 8 kilometres per hour (5.0 mph). Selekanyo sa bonako jwa phefo mo ngwageng ke 12 kilometres per hour (7.5 mph).[30]

Dipalo tsa batho

fetola
Historical populations
Year Pop. ±%
1964 3,855 —
1971 17,700 +359.1%
1981 59,100 +233.9%
1991 133,500 +125.9%
2001 186,007 +39.3%
2006 191,776 +3.1%
[9][23][24]

Palo ya batho ka dikgatiso tsa 2011 ke 231,626. Go na le banna ba le 92,859 le basadi ba le 98,917 mo toropong.[9] Go na le malwapa a le 58,476 mo Gaborone.[31] Toropo ya Gaborone ke motse wa selekanyo se se lesome sa palo ya batho mo Botswana.[9][22] Sephato sa batho ba Botswana ba nna mo 100 kilometres (62 mi) Gaborone.[32]

Kgolo ya palo ya batho mo Gaborone ke selekanyo se se 3.4%, se se difetang tsotlhe mo Botswana. Se se ka diragala ka gore toropo e na le dithabololo tsa dikago, se se dirang gore e ratege..[33] Gaborone ke enngwe ya ditoropo tse di golang mo lefatsheng ka bophara.[10] Kgolo e e dirwa ke go fuduga ga batho go tswa mo lefatshebg lotlhe.[34]

Selekanyo sa bong sa Gaborone ke 97.6, se se raya gore go na le borre ba le 976 fa go tshwantshangwa le bomme ba le 1,000 .[33] Manyalo a le mantsi mo Botswana a kwadisiwa mo Gaborone, mo manyalong otlhe a Botswana a le selekanyo se se lesome le bothano a kwadisitse mo Gaborone ka 2007.[35] Ka dipalo go na le batho ba le bararo mo lwapwng lengwe le lengwe mo Gaborone. Se ke palo e nnye fa go tshwantsha ngwa le tse dingwe mo Botswana.[9]

Dipalo di supa gore bontlha bongwe jwa botho ba ba nna mo Gaborone, ba selekanyo se se masome mararo le boferabobedi ba tshela ka mogare wa HIV-palo e tona mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Palo e tona thata mo batho ba ba dingwaga tse di magare ga lesome le bothano le masome mane le boferabonge ka selekanyo sa masome mane le bone.[17]

Bodumedi

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Mmepe wa Roma wa kgaolo ya Gaborone

Ba sedumedi sa Roma mo Gaborone, ba ba ko tlase ga bo eteledipele jwa Roman ya ko Pretoria, ba teng mo toropong e. Phuthego e akaretsa sephato sa borwa sa Botswana, moruti wa phutego e ke Moruti Valantine Tsamma Seane, yo o filweng maemo ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka kgwedi ya Moranang a le masome mabedi le bothano. Moriti yo o fitileng e ne e le Boniface Tshosa Setlalekgosi. Go na le kereke ya roma e e bidiwang keresete ke kgosi.[36][37]

Go na le tempele ya Ba Hindu mo Gaborone, e bidiwa ntlo lehalahala ya Hindu , le ya gurudwara le tse dingwe tsa ma Islam.[38] Kago e simolotswe ka motsheganong ka ngwaga wa 2001 ko tempeleng ya Venkateswara mo Gaborone bophirima e agelwa sechaba sa batho ba Telugu ke sethopha sa bopelothomigi sa Hindu[39] e bo e feleletswa ka kgwedi ya lwetsi ngwaga wa 2007. Moemedi wa India, le tautona Festus Mogae ba ne ba etelela tempele fa e sena go fediwa[40]

Muslim

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Ba tumedi ya Islam ke ba Arabea ba ba tlisitseng tumelo e mo Botswana mme ba tla ba gwetlha merafe ka go farologana le Batswana ba le mo teng go tsena kereke ya bone. Batho ba ba tsenang kereke e ba bidiwa jalo gotwe ma-Muslim kereke ya bone ke Mosque. Mo toropo kgolo Gaborone, tempele ya Muslim e bapile le sekolo se se golwane University of Botswana (UB)kana Mmadikolo jaaka ba le bantsi ba se bitsa. Go dimo ga moo, go diragatsa tumelo ya bone badumedi ba ya ko kerekeng Labotlhano mongwe le mongwe mme bana bone ba rulaganyeditswe go ithuta ka tumelo ya bone mo gare ga beke jaaka go tshwanetse. Go tlatsa se, tumedi e ya Islam e ruta ka Allah, yo e leng Modimo wa bone yo ba dumelang e le ene a tlhodileng legodimo, lefatshe, le sengwe le sengwe se se leng mo go lone. Go botlhokwa go itse gore batho ba tumelo e, ba rotloetsa bopelotlhomogi, go thusa ba ba dikobo dikhutshwane, le go direla ba bangwe molemo gore go nniwa ka kagiso le thokgamo.

Botaki le Ngwao

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Polokele ya ditso le botaki e bonwa ko bokonibothaba jwa madirelo a kgwebo mo tseleng ya Independence .[41] Polokelo e e butswe ka 1968 E na le dilo tse dintsi di akaretsa dilo tse dibetilweng le botaki jwa batswana. Ntlo ya polokelo e e nale ditshwantsho tsa ntlha tse di dirilweng ke Thomas Baines le Lucas Sithole. Ditiragalo di akaretsa Bataki mo Botswana , kgaisano ya botaki ya banana le Thapong International . Ko ntle ga polokelo go na le , mefuta ya dipalamo tse dintsi jaaka mogoma, selei, le dikoloi (diteraka). Go na le ditshupo tsa Basarwa, banni ba ntlha baborwa jwa Aferika.[42] Polokelo e e butse 3.6-hectare (9-acre)[43] tshingwana ya botanical e e bidiwang tshingwana ya sechaba ya Botanical ka kgwedi ya ngwanatsele a thola ga bedi ka ngwaga wa 2007.[44] Tshingwana e e agetswe go sireletsa dithare tsa Botswana tse di bothokwa, mme selekanyo se se masome a ferang bobedi a dithare tse di tsa mo Botswana.[43]

Ditiragalo tsa Maitisong di simolotse ka ngwaga wa was 1987 mme di tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga mo malatsing a le supa, mo bekeng ya bofelo ya mopitlo kana ya ntlha ya morananng. Mo malatsing a go tla bo ga na le bodiragatsi jaaka metshameko le go le belela metshameko mo mafelo a a farologaneng.[14]

“Kgaisanyo ya My African Dream” e tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga ko ntlo lehalahala la Gaborone. Kgaisano e e amogela dibini tsa kwaito le diopedi.[22]

Padi ya , The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency, e diretswe mo Gaborone. Buka e e kwadilwe ke Alexander McCall Smith. Buka e bua ka ga Precious Ramotswe, mosadi wa ntlha mo Botswana go nna mo thomamisi, le masaitseweng a a rarabololang.

Itsholelo

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Gaborone legare la itsholelo ya sechaba. Bokopanelo jwa madirelo a madi a bothokwa jaaka Banka ya Botswana, Banka ya Gaborone, BancABC, le madirelo a go fetola madi mo Botswana a fitlhelwa mo toropong ga mmogo le bokopanelo jwa difofane tsa Botswana, Batshireletso ya baji ba reki, dithaeletsanyo, le Debswana,bo kopanelo jwa go epa ditswa mmung jwa De Beers le goromente wa Botswana . Sethopha sa thabololo ya aferika (SADC) se na le bokopanelo jwa sone mo Gaborone; komponi e ne ya simololwa ka ngwaga wa 1980 go oketsa tomagano mo itsholelong, mo malokong a yone le go fokotsa go ikaega mo Aferika borwa.[10] Di koporase di le dintsi tsa mafatshe di beeleditse mo toropong: Hyundai, IBM, Daewoo, Volvo, Owens-Corning, le Siemens.[34] Orapa House, ke ya Debswana, ke ko diteemane tse ditsa go epiwa teng ko Debswana di kgaogangwang di bo di sekwasekwa boleng . Orapa House, e fithelwa ko makopanelong a tsela ya Khama Crescent le Nelson Mandela Drive,[41] e agilwe ka boleng jwa yone e le nosi, se se letelela letsatsi le le lekaneng go phatsima ka dithabaphefo gore ba kgone go kabakanya diteemane sentle.[45] Bokopano jwa Botswana jwa ditswa mmung bo tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga ko ntlong lehalhala ya Gaborone.

Go ya ka tshekatsheko ya thwathwa ya botshelo ya ga Mercer'ka ngwaga wa 2010 , Gaborone e na le palo e ko godimo ya makgolo mabedi le boraro highest ya dithwathwa tsa go tshelac ya batshabis mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Gaborone ke toropo ya boraro e e ko tlase mo dithwathweng tsa batsabi mo Aferika, mo godimo ga Addis Ababa, Ethiopia le Windhoek, Namibia e le ya makgolo mabedi le bothano. Karachi, Pakistan ke tsa bofelo mo lefatsheng ka makgolo mabedi le lesome le bone.[46]

Tsa metshameko

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lobala la sechaba la Botswana ka Phalane ngwaga wa 2010
lebala le legolo mo Gaborone
[47][48]
Motshameko Selekanyo sethopha(s)
lebala le letona la sechaba la Botswana kgwele ya dinao, Mabelo, motshameko wa Rugby, Tennis 50,000 Gaborone United, Notwane F.C., Police XI, Township Rollers F.C.
lobala la Mochudi Kgwele Ya Dinao 10,000 Mochudi Centre Chiefs
lobala la SSKB Kgwele Ya Dinao 5,000 Botswana Defence Force XI
lobala la mmadikole wa Botswana Kgwele Ya Dinao 5,000 Uniao Flamengo Santos F.C.

Go na le mabala a metshameko a fithelwang mo mafelong a Gaborone Ke lobala la SSKB, mochudi, le lobala la sechaba la Botswana. Go na le dithopha tse dintsi tsa kgwele ya dinao tse di emetseng Gaborone. Dithopha tse ke BDF XI, Gaborone United,Notwane, Police XI le sa Uniao flamengo Santos; tse tsotlhe di tshameka mo metshaneko ya premir . Sethopha sa sechaba sa kgwele ya dinao se tshamakela mo lobaleng la sechaba, mme ga se ise tshameke mo dikgaisanong tsa kopi ya FIFA ka na ya Afrika.

Ba motshameko wa cricket, sethopha se se eteletseng pele motshameko wa criket mo Botswana, bo kopanelo jwa yone ke mo Gaborone.

Mabelo a Gaborone, mabelo a bobedi mo Botswana, a ne a tshwerwe ka ngwaga wa 2010 ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome le boferabobedi . Ba ne ba simolola go taboga ko mabaleng Phakalane, toropo e e ko bokoni, ba bo ba feta ka Gaborone, ba bo ba feta ka di kago tsa palamente.[49]

Mafelo a tloso bojuto

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Mmepe wa toropo wa maranyane; letamo le letona la Gaborone
 
Letamo la Gaborone

Letamo la Gaborone le bonwa mo borwa jwa Gaborone go bapa le tsela e yang Lobatse, gape le thusa Gaborone le Lobatse ka metsi. ke letamo le letona go difeta tsotlhe moBotswana, le kgona go tshwara metsi a selekanyo se se141,400,000 cubic metres (3.735×1010 US gal). Gape le simolotse go lemogiwa jaaka lefelo la go itlosa bojutu. Ko bofelo jwa letlamo le ko bokoni, go akangwa go dirwa lefelo la menate le le bidiwa bople jwa metsi Go na le mokgatho wa mekoro e bidiwang Gaborone yatch, le yone e ko bokoni jwa letamo le. Ko borwa jwa letamo le ke mokgatho sa Kalahari wa go tshwara dithapi le lefelo le lesha la sechaba lebidiwang City scapes . City scape e na le mafelo a go ntsha bodutu le mafelo a tshamekelo le didirisiwa tsa go dirsa mekoro[50] Letamo le le dirisiwa thata ke batho ba ba lebelelang dinonyane, ba ba shapi ba phefo.[14] Mme fela, ga go letelelwe go thapha mo letamo le ka ntateng ya dikwena le malwetsi.[45]

Lefelo la tshomarelo ya diphologolo la Gaborone, le ko ntle ga toropo mo tseleng ya limpopo. [41] Lefelo le le agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1988, jaanong le dirisiwa thata go na le a mangwe mo Botswana. Diphologolo tse o ka difitlhelang mo lefelong le di akaretsa, impala, kudu, bontshe,dikukama, dipitsa tsa naga, tholo,tshepe le bomathinthinyane[14] Lefelo le tlwaelesegile ka go lebelela dinonyane. fa go leng tshutlha teng mo lifelong le go na le dinonyane jaaka, ntsu, mmamoleane le koro.[14]

Thaba ya kgale e fithelwa mo dimetareng tse dimakgolo go tswa mo toropong. Thaba e e bitswa dimo kana mogaka yo o robetseng ga pe e1,287 metres (4,222 ft). Go na le tsela tsebe tse o ka didirisang go goroga k godimo ga thaba e, go bo go go tsaya oura tse pedi[14]

Lefelo la tshomarelo ya diphologolo ya Mokolodi, le agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1992[51] Le bonwa ko borwa jwa Gaborone.[14] Go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya diphologolo tse di fithelwang mo lefelo le jaaka kolobe ya naga, tholo, kudu, pitse tsa naga, thuthwa, bontshe, kubu le tshukudu. Lefelo le thusa ka ditiro tsa diphologolo tsa naga mo Botswana jaaka: tshimologo ya go itsewe ga tshukudu e tshweu, phuduso ya mangau a a bakang mathata Mokolodi gape o na le lefelo la thuto, ko go rutelwang bana ka tshomarelo ya tikologo.[51]

 
Mabala ba a matshamekelo a Somarelang Tikologo Community

Somarelang tikologo ke leloko la dikomponi tse e seng tsa goromente tsa tikologo ko lefelo la tloso bodutu mo Gaborone. Tsholofelo ya komponi e ke go rotloetsa, tshomarelo ya tikologo ka go ruta, bo diragatsi le go rotloetsa ditiro tse di siameng fa go dirwa lenaneo la tikologo, tshomarelo ya ditswa mmung le matlakala mo Botswana Lefelo le le butswe ka fa molaong ke tona wa tikologo, diphologolo le bojanala , Onkokame Pitso Mokaila ka ngwagq wa 2009 kgwedi ya thakole e le masome mabedi le bosupa. Lefelo le le na le botshamekelo jwa bana go tshameka le tsatsi lotlhe, tshingwana, lefelo la go dirasa gape, le lebenkele le maeti ba ka rekang dilo tse di dirilwe ka dilo tse dirisiwang gape.[52]

Goromente

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Palamente ya Botswana

Gaborone o laolwa k eke khansele ya Gaborone. Khansele e e eteletswe pele ke mokwaledi wa toropo le mothusa mokwaledi. Toropo e laolwa kana e buswa ke rra kana mmatoropo, mothusa mma/rratoropo le dikomiti tse di tsamaisiwang ke makhanselara: komiti ya tsa madi; tsa botso jwa sechaba, matshelo a batho le komiti ya mantlo; komiti ya teseletso go rekisa;le komiti ya thuto. [34] Makhanselara a thopha rra/mmatoropo ba bob a ikaba ka maemo mo komiting ngwaga le ngwaga. [23] Khansele e na le ba bereki ba le 2,515.[34] Khansele ya toropo e kgalwa ke komiti ya boeteledipele jwa sechba ka dithopho tsa bone tsa sephiri le boeteledipele jo bo botlana.[23] Ka ngwaga wa 2010, khansele e ne ya nna le mathata a matlakala:Frenic, komponi ya matlakala e ya firilwe ke toropo, e ne ya isa toropo ya Gaborone fa pele ga mmakaseterata, ka phimolo dikeledi e e sa duelwang.[53] Se se ne sa dira gore matlakala a nne mantsi a sa tsewa.[54]

Gaborone ke lefelo la sepolotiki . Dikago tsa goromente tse dintsi di agilwe ko Bophirima jwa mafelo a kgwebo lefelo le le bidiwang lefelo la goromente. [41] Palamente ya Botswana, ntlo ya dikgosi, le motlobo wa sechaba, le lephata la botsogo. NFa kgorong ya palamente go na le sefikantswe tautona wa pele Sir seretse KHAMA, LE SEGOPOSO SA BATSWANA BA BA MAKGOLO MARARO BA NENG BA BOLAWA KA NGWAGA WA 1939 GO YA KO NGWAGENG WA 1945. [55] SEFIKANTSWE SE SENGWE SE A KGOLA MASOLOSE A BOTSWANA BA BA NE BA BOLAWA MO DINTWENG TSA RHODESIA.[13]

Pele ga ngwaga wa 1982, Gaborone one wa nna le boemedi ko palamenteng, setilo se le sengwe mo palamenteng mo Botswana. Go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1982 go ya ko ngwageng wa 1993, Botswna o ne wa kgaogangwa ka dikgaolo di le pedi, Gaborone bokone le Gaborone Borwa. Setilo sa boraro mo palamenteng sa neelwa maloko a a thophilweng toropo yotlhe ya Gaborone. Ka ngwaga wa 1993, ka ferikgong dikgaolo tse pedi tse disha tsa dirwa mo Gaborone: Gaborone bothaba le Gaborone Bophirima. Dithopho tsa goromente, dikgaolo tse nne di ne tsa kgaogangwa ka dikgotlana. Gaborone bokone o ne ale tse supa,Gaborone bophirima e na le di le supa. gaborone legare e na le borataro le Gaborone borwa a na le bothano[34] ka ngwaga wa 2002, toropo ya nna le mafelo a bophophelo a le mathano: Gaborone bokoni, Gaborone legare, gaborone le borwa, Gaborone bokon bophirima, le Gaborone borwa bophirima. [56]

Sekolo sa melawana ya mafatshe e ne ya simololwa ka ngwaga wa 2000 ka kgwedi ya Phukwi mo Gaborone . Sekolo se fa baokamedi ba ba fagare dithuthuntsho mo mafatsheng a SADC.[57]

Toropo e gape ke legae la baemedi ba mafatshe a sele le baemedi.

Thuto

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Dkago tsa maranyane a tikologo tse di agiwang ko mmadikole wa Botswana
 
Lephata la kgwebo ko mmadikole wa Botswana

Go na le batho ba le bantsi ba na digarata mo dithutong mo Gaborone go nale mo mafelong a mangwe mo Botswana Palo e e masome masupa le boferabongwe ya dipalo tsa batho mo Gaborone ba na le dithutego tsa dikole tse digolwane.[9]

Toropo ya Gaborone e na le dikolo tse di potlana le tse dikgolwane, tsa ga goromente le eseng tsa goromente Tse di akaretsa sekolo sa Westwood se segolwane, Maru a pula, Sekolo sa Legae le se sebotlana sa Thornhill

Mmadikole

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Sekolo se se tona sa mmadikole mo Botswana(University of Botswana), se simolotswe ka ngwaga wa 1982, se mo bothaba jwa toropo e. [41] bo mmadikole ba bangwe ke Limkokwing,Botho e e mo Gaborone. Sekolo sa Botswana sa dipalo le madi(Botswana Accountancy College), se se amogelang batho ba ba dirang le tsa madi le botekiniki, sekolo sa botekiniki(technical colleges) sa botswana, Boitekanelo le sa temo thuo le tsone di teng mo Botswana mmadikole wa Botswana wa melao, e butswe ka ngwaga wa 2006, e na le dikago tsa yone mo Gaborone. [60] Mmadikole yo one wa nna le kaloso ya yone ya ntlha ka ngwaga wa 2010, dialogane tsa yone tsa ntlha.[61]

Ditlhaeletsanyo

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Go na le dipampiri tsa dikgang di le mmalwa tse di gatisitsw eng mo Gaborone. Di akaretsa Mmmegi, Botswana Gazette le The Voice.

Seromamowa sa Yarona se gasa mo Gaborone; letswao la sone mo Gaborone ke 106.6.Seromamowa se sengwe se senye mo Gaborone ke Gabz FM. [62]

Pele ga ngwaga wa 2000, banni ba Gaborone ba simolola go amogela dithaeletsanyo tsa sesupa ditshwantsho sa BOP TV, go tswa Mafikeng, se se neng se tsaya molelo ko thabeng ya Kgale. [62] Mo tsatsi la gompieno, dikoporase tsa thaelesanyo le ya sesupa ditshwantsho sa Botswana go naya Batswana ka dithaeletsanyo tse ba di thokang.

Dikago

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Gaborone ke nngwe ya ditoropo tse di golang that mo Aferica. Go gola ga Gaborone,thatathata mo bogare jwa toropo, mo go dirileng gore mafelo a masimo le one a simolole go nna bontlha bongwe jwa toropo Dijo di le dintsi mo Gabrone di tswa ko bokoni jwa toropo, le balemi ba bangwe ba palo potlana go tswa ko borwa jwa Gaborone.[63]

Toropo e ne e agelwa go nna lefelo la bodiragatsi kana pereko, ka dikago tse di agilwe ka didirisiwa tsa segompieno. Toropo e dikaganyegilwe ke dikago tse dinnye[64] Lefelo la kgwebo le santse le agiwa, lefatlo a re ke ya toropong o tla bo a raya gore o ya madirelong a kgwebo, ko dikagong tsa goromente di fithelwang teng. [64][65] Marekisetso a a matona, a na le boemelo jwa dikoloi, mafelo a thekisetso, o agilwe ka bophara go ya bothaba le bophirima, go na le dikago tsa goromente ko bophirima fa khansele ya Gaborone e le ko bothaba.

[13]


Marekisetso a Gaborone, ke logae la marekisetso a masha a Square, Tower, le diofisi tse disha tsa SADC, kgotla tshekelo, e e agetsweng go rarabolola mathata a dikgwebo le sefikantswe sa dikgosi tse tharo e bong khama wa boraro, Bathoen wa ntlha le Sebele wa ntlha, kgosi tse tharo tse, di ne tsa tsaya mosepele go ya Britain o mogolo, go ya go kopa gore Bechuanaland e kgaogangwe le Rhodesia wa ko borwa(yo eleng Zimbabwe jaanong) kana Cape Colony(yo e leng Aferika borwa jaanong). Difikantswe tse di ne tsa thomwa ka ngwaga wa 2005, kgwedi ya lwetsi e thola masome mabedi le boferabongwe.[66] Difikantswe tse di ne tsa thomwa ka ngwaga wa 2005, kgwedi ya lwetsi e thola masome mabedi le boferabongwe. Le fa difikantswe tse di supa ditso, go ne ga nna le dikgothang mabapi le go agiwa ga tsone, 12,000,000 (madi alekanang le di dikadike tsa Amerika tse supa, ka ngwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 20101), le fa baagiwa ba tsone ba Korea bokoni ba bua malatsi a peo a a sa siamang. [67] Dikago tse dingwe tse di santse di agiwa ko marekisetsong ke kago ya Holiday inn, lefelo la go rekisa dijo, le mafelo a diofisi.[68]

Ditlamelo

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Toropo e tsaya metsi a yone ko sebolokelong se se dirilweng gotswa mo letamo la Gaborone, le le leng ko borwa jwa toropo,se se dirile gore kgolo e nne teng. [12] Toropo ya Gaborone e simologile e le toropo e e potlana, go ne go thkego gore go agiwe letamo la Gaborone go nosa batho metsi.[27]

Go tswa ka ngwaga wa 2007 go ya ko wa 2008,metsi a selekanyo se se 23,963,000 cubic metres (6.3304×109 US gal) a ne a rekisiwa mo Gaborone. Ba ga goromente ba ne ba reka metsi ka bontsi,{11,359,000 cubic metres (3.0007×109 US gal).metsi a selekanyo sa 8,564,000 cubic metres (2.262×109 US gal) a ne a rekelwa go dirisiwa mo ma lwapeng, fa a le 4,040,000 cubic metres (1.07×109 US gal) a ne a rekelwa go ddirisiwa ko marekisetsong. Ka ngwaga wa 2008, toropo ya Gaborone e ne ya dirisa metsi a selekanyo se se 25,657,363 kilolitres (6.777958×109 US gal) gape metsi metsi a neng a dirisiwa ke motho a le mongwe ka ngwaga e ne e le0.184 cubic metres (48.6 US gal), palo e e kotlase e sale ka 1999.[69]

Gaborone o na le dithwathwa tse di ntsi tsa metsi mo lefatsheng ka gore go na le dipalamo tse dintsi le tiriso ya metsi e ntsi. Madi a mantsi a a bakwa ke kgang ya gore metsi mangwe a a dirisiwang mo Gaborone a tsewa ko letamong la letsibogo.[69]

Selekanyo sa gos ireletsega ga metsi ko letamo la Gaborone ke 7.95 ka thakole ka ngwaga wa 2006. Bogale jwa letswai mo bolokelong e ke di grame tse lesome le bone litera e le nngwe ka kgwedi ya moranang ka 2001 le kgwedi ya phatwe ka 2006. Ka yone nako e , bogale jwa letswai la (CaCO3) e ne ele dikilograme litara e lengwe, mo Botswana go raya gore metsi a ga ntafadiwa. Ka nako e le nngwe selekanyo sa letswai la cloride le le 6.44, la fluoride le le 0.54 la potase le le 6.72 le la sodium le le 10.76.

Botsogo

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Sepatela sa Princess Marina

Setlhopha sa sefapano se sehibidu se simolotswe ka ngwaga wa 1968, bokopanelo jwa sone bo ko Gaborone. Sepatela sa Princess Marina ke sepatela se se tona mo Gaborone, se na le malao a balwetsi a le makgolo mathano. [70]

Setlhopha se se lwantshang kankere mo Botswana, ke komponi e e ikemetseng ka nosi e simolotswe e le komponi ya bo pelothomogi ka ngwaga wa 1998. Tshwaraganyo e eteletsepele mogo feng ditlamelo tse di leng teng go thibela kankere gape e rotloetsa mananeo, ditlamelo go thusa balwetsi ba kankere le go ba ema nokeng le go kgothatsa ba ba amegileng. Dikago tsa bokopanelo di ko tseleng ya Diletlhakoreng la, Extension 12, Gaborone.

Dipalamo

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Seporo se ntse se dira tiro e se agetsweng go e dira, e lomaganya toropo le mafelo a ko bokoni le borwa.[10] Seporo se ya ko toropong ya cape , harare le ko Bulawayo. Seporo se bonwa ko borwa jwa kago ya palamente bo bogare jwa toropo.[41] Seporo se se ema mo ditoropo tse di latelang:Ramatlabana ko mololwaneng wa Aferika borwa, lobatse,Gaborone, Palapye, Serule, Francistown,Ramokgwebana le Plumtree ko Zimbabwe. Se ne sa simolola go nna seporo sa di terena tsa dithotho ka Moranang a thola gangwe ka ngwaga wa 2009.[71]

 
lebala la difofane la Sir Seretse Khama International Airport (GBE)

lobala la difofane la Sir Seretse khama le ko bokoni jwa toropo gape le na le difofane tse di yang ko Johannesburg, Harare, Francistown le ko Maun le ditomagano tsa ko kasane le Livingstone.[72] Ke bokopanelo jwa Difofane tsa Botswana. Go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2010, komponi ya difofane tsa Botswana e na le difofane tse di yang ko mabaleng a Losaka ko losaka, Zambia le difofane tse di yang ko Lusaka di feta ka Kasane. komponi e e simolola go dira tsela e e tswang mo Gaborone go ya ko Luanda,Angola mo bokamosong.[73]

Ka ngwaga wa 2008 However, Gaborone has the most air passenger traffic, accounting for 51.6% of all passenger movement in Botswana. International passengers total 244,073 passengers while domestic air passenger movement comes up to 333,390 passenger.[74]

Tempolete:Details

Gaborone e ne ya oka leitho la dithaelesanyo ka ngwaga wa 1999 ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ntateng ya leso la ga Chris Phatswe. Phatswe e le mokgweetsi wa difofane tsa Air Botswana, yo ileng a ipolaya ka go diga sefofane sa gagwe ko lebaleng la Sir Seretse Khama. Pele ga leso la gagwe, Phatswe o ne a emisa go kgweetsa difofane ka gore o ne a sa itekanelo mo mmeleng. Gape , morago go ne ga lemogiwa gore o ne a nale bolwetsi jwa AIDS. Le fa a ise a bue sepe ka jone, dikgoreletsi go belaelwa gore di ka tswa di dirile gore a ipolaye. O ne a digela sefofane sa gagwe mo godimo ga difofane tse dingwe tse pedi. Se sene sa dira gore Air Botswana e wele tlase ka gore e ne ya sala ka sefofane se le sengwe morago ga tiragalo e. Airdisaster.com e na le ditshwantsho tsa tiragalo e.

 
Mmepe wa ditsela tsa Gaborone

Marogo mo Gaborone le mo tikologong a akaretsa jwa Trans Kalahari, Al le jwa Cairo-Cape. Go na le ditsela tse thano tse di tona mo Gaborone tse di akaretsang Lobatse,Kanye,Molepolole,Francistown e ya Mochudi le Tlokweng.[75]

Gaborone e na le madirelo mantsi a ikwadiso ya dikoloi.Go na le dikoloi tsa batho tse di 15,538, tsa selekanyo se se masome mane le borataro tsa dikoloi tsotlhe tse disha tse dikwadisitsweng mo Botswana ka ngwaga wa 2008 mo Gaborone,tse eleng gore tse 8,440 ka tse di pegang bapalami, tse 440 e le dibese, 204 e le dikuta le tse 181 e le diterekere. Palo e ne ya oketsega go tswa mo go 12,690 ya dikoloi tse di kwadisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 2007. Gaborone gape e na le palo e ntshi ya ikwadiso e e ntshafadiwang ka selekanyo sa 73,206 ka ngwaga wa 2008.[74]

Fa go akeretsa kgaolo ya Gaborone bophirima, gaborone e ne ya nna le dikotsi tsa dikoloi tse 9,415, le batho ba le masome masupa ba bane ba thokafala ka ngwaga wa 2008. Bontsi jwa go thulana ga dikoli ka ngwaga o, go tholana ga palo ya 3,146, e ne ele go thulana mo mathakoreng, fa tse 263 di ne di ama diphologolo. Toropo e gape e ya diraglelwa ke dikotsi tse di amang ba tsamai ka dinao ba le 679 ka ngwaga wa 2008; ba tsamai ka dinao ba le masome mabedi le bone ba ne ba thokafala. Palo e ntsi ya dikotsi tsa dikoloi tse di amileng batsamai ka dinao, dikotsi tsa tsela di diragetse magare ga nako ya bone le boratararo maitseboeng.[74]

 
Kombi

Dipalomo tsa sechaba mo toropong e di a ikanyega, fa ditshwantshangwa le ditoropo tse ditona mo mafatsheng a Aferika. Kombi le ditaxi di dirisiwa mo ditselang tsa toropo fa dibese di dirisiwa go etela metse le ditoropo tse dingwe mo Botswana.[10]

Banni ba ba botlhokwa

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  • Kgosi Gaborone, Kgosi ya Motswna yo toropo e reeletsweng ka leina la gagwe.
  • Mpule Kwelelagobe, Mmabontle wa lefatshe le MmaBontle wa Botswna ka ngwaga wa 1999
  • Sumaiyah Marope, Mma Botswana wa 2009
  • Sethopha sa mmino wa setswana sa Matsieng, se se simologileng mo Botswna.
  • Leleko la African National Congress,Thamsanga Mnyele.
  • Leloko la sethopha sa sechaba sa kgwele ya dinao, Dirang Moloi
  • Leloko la African congress, Vemon Nkadimeng yo one a bolawa ke mapodise a aparateite mo Gaborone.
  • Motshamiki wa kgwele ya dinao, Dipsy Selolwane.
  • Moruti wa Roma wa kgaolo ya Gaborone, Boniface Tshosa Setlalekgosi, e sa le ka ngwaga wa 1981.
  • Motshamiki wa squash, Alister Walker
  • Mothodi wa sekolo sa Maru-a-Pula,Deane Yates.
  • Precious Ramotswe, lepodisi la maiterelo.

Ditoropo tse di tsalanang

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Gaborone o tshwantshangwa le toropo le kgaolo nngwe:

Polokelo

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Street scene near the Main Mall
Street scene near the Main Mall  
 
Another aerial view of the city
Another aerial view of the city  
 
Rhodesia Railways car at the national museum
Rhodesia Railways car at the national museum  
 
Aerial view of the city looking east—downtown is in the right-center of the image, with the reservoir just beyond
Aerial view of the city looking east—downtown is in the right-center of the image, with the reservoir just beyond  
A bronze-colored, life-size statue of a prominent black man in a suit, his hands in front of his stomach. The statue is on top of a pedestal which is on top of a large brown rock, surrounded by smaller rocks. The statue has trees behind it, and it is in a small brick-paved square.
Statue of Khama outside the Botswana Parliament building
Statue of Khama outside the Botswana Parliament building  
 
Overlooking Mokolodi Nature Reserve, just outside of Gaborone, Botswana
Overlooking Mokolodi Nature Reserve, just outside of Gaborone, Botswana  
 
Skyline of Gaborone
Skyline of Gaborone  
 
University of Botswana Administration Building
University of Botswana Administration Building  
 
Dormitories for the University of Botswana
Dormitories for the University of Botswana  
 
Courtyard and University of Botswana buildings
Courtyard and University of Botswana buildings  
 
University of Botswana intramural football game
University of Botswana intramural football game  
 
Parliament Buildings of Botswana
Parliament Buildings of Botswana  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parliament of Botswana
Parliament of Botswana  
 
Zambia Embassy
Zambia Embassy  
 
Angola Embassy
Angola Embassy  

Metswedi

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  1. ↑ Parsons, Neil (19 August 1999). "Botswana History Page 7: Geography". Botswana History Pages. Gaborone, Botswana: University of Botswana History Department. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  2. ↑ Ramadubu, Dikarabo (27 Firikgong 2020). "Gaborone Mayor hits the ground running". Gaborone, Botswana: Botswana Guardian. Archived from the original on 31 Phukwi 2020. Retrieved 30 Motsheganong 2020. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ↑ "Mayor and deputy mayor of Gaborone City Council duly sworn in". Gaborone, Botswana: Duma FM. 6 Sedimonthole 2019. Retrieved 30 Motsheganong 2020. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named BSYB
  5. ↑ "Gaborone, Botswana Page". Falling Rain Genomics, Inc.
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 2011Census
  7. ↑ timeanddate.com
  8. ↑ Botswana Telecommunications Authority (11 September 2009). Botswana (country code +267). National Numbering Plans. International Telecommunication Union. Archived from the original (DOC) on 27 December 2009. Retrieved 27 December 2009.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Central Statistics Office (2009-01). "BOTSWANA DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY 2006" (PDF). Gaborone, Botswana. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-23. Retrieved 2010-07-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 Seth, Willie (2008). "Major urban centres". Botswana and Its People. Godfrey Mwakikagile. pp. 44–46. ISBN 9780981425870. Retrieved 2009-08-04. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  11. ↑ Melao ya Botswana,lephata la selegae.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Njeru, Purity (2009). "History of Gaborone". Nairobi, Kenya: The African Executive. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "Travel Companion - Southern Botswana" (PDF). Travel Companion. Botswana Tourism Board. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 Hardy, Paula; Firestone, Matthew D. (2007). "Gaborone". Botswana & Namibia. Lonely Planet. pp. 75–88. ISBN 9781741047608. Retrieved 2009-08-04. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  15. ↑ "African cities- Gaborone History". Gaborone.info. AfricanCities.net. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  16. ↑ "Regions Given New Spelling". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Associated Press (Spokane, Washington, USA): p. 11. 1969-12-22. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7bszAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IfgDAAAAIBAJ&dq=gaborone&pg=7329%2C1913552. Retrieved 2010-07-11. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Keiner, Marco; Zegras, Christopher; Schmid, Willy A. (2004). Keiner, Marco; Zegras, Christopher; Schmid, Willy A.; Salmerón, Diego (eds.). From understanding to action: sustainable urban development in medium-sized cities in Africa and Latin America. Springer. pp. 19, 63, 68, 93. ISBN 9781402028793. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  18. ↑ Paine, David J. (1966-04-15). "Capital City Being Built On Virgin Soil". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press (Eugene, Oregon, USA): section D, p. 3. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7uQQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-OADAAAAIBAJ&dq=gaberones&pg=4458%2C3421646. Retrieved 2010-07-11.  Tempolete:Dead link
  19. ↑ killion (2009-06-29). "The Unsustainable urban growth of Gaborone City, Botswana". Boidus: Blogs. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  20. ↑ Van Nostrand, John Cornelius (1982). "Old Naledi: History of Settlement". Old Naledi, the village becomes a town: an outline of the Old Naledi Squatter Upgrading Project, Gaborone, Botswana. James Lorimer & Company. pp. 13–15. ISBN 9780888626509. Retrieved 2009-09-19. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  21. ↑ Grant, Sandy (2009-06-18). Our Heritage. Vol. 26. Gaborone, Botswana: Mmegi Online. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named botswana
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Tempolete:Cite document
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Central Statistics Office. "Table 1.6: Distribution of Population in Urban Settlements: 1971- 2001 Censuses". Gaborone, Botswana. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
  25. ↑ Carr, Michael (1997). "The form and future shape of the modem city". New patterns: process and change in human geography (2nd ed.). Nelson Thornes. p. 224. ISBN 9780174386810. Retrieved 2009-08-06. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  26. ↑ "Garden City Concept is a thing of the past, says Richard Rogers". Boidus.co.bw. 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Phakalane Properties (2008). "Gaborone Information - Phakalane Properties, Botswana". Phakalane, Botswana. Archived from the original on 2011-04-18. Retrieved 2011-05-24.Tempolete:Dead link
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Central Statistics Office (2009-08). "NATURAL DISASTERS DIGEST 2008" (PDF). Gaborone, Botswana. Retrieved 2010-07-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 Bauer, Carl (2005). "Climate". Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation in the Building Sector in Botswana (Gaborone, Botswana: Bauer Consult): pp. 6–13. Archived from the original on 2010-08-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20100806211743/http://www.bauerconsultbotswana.com/3_Climate.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-04. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Gaborone, Botswana". Weatherbase. Archived from the original on 2018-03-19. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  31. ↑ Central Statistics Office (2008-02-07) [2001]. "Table 1.1: Population by sex and census districts (1991 And 2001)". Gaborone, Botswana. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
  32. ↑ Jefferis, Keith; Pickering, Dawn; Bogolo (2010). "Botswana Country Overview 2010/11" (PDF). Botswana Resource Conference 2010. Capital Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 18, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2011.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Central Statistics Office (February 2005). "2001 POPULATION CENSUS ATLAS: BOTSWANA" (PDF). Gaborone, Botswana. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 Tempolete:Cite document
  35. ↑ A. N. Majelantle (2010). "MARRIAGE STATISTICS 2007". STATS BRIEF. Gaborone, Botswana: Central Statistics Office. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-04. Retrieved 2010-07-06. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  36. ↑ Cheney, David M. (2009-05-10). "Gaborone (Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]". Dioceses. www.Cathoic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  37. ↑ Diocese of Gaborone, Botswana. Dioceses. Giga-Catholic Information. 2009-07-19. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  38. ↑ High Level Committee On Indian Diaspora (2001-12-19). "Chapter 8 – Other Countries of Africa" (PDF). Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora (PDF). Vol. 2. New Delhi. pp. 102–103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-06. Retrieved 2009-08-06. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  39. ↑ African abode for the Lord of the Seven Hills. Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad: The Hindu. 2006-02-27. Archived from the original on 2006-09-03. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  40. ↑ Dinamalar.com _ Ulagatamilargal. Africa. Dina Malar. 2007-09-19. Archived from the original on 2008-02-11. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.4 41.5 Gaborone City map (Map). Botswana Maps. Botswana Tourism Board. 2001. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  42. ↑ "Gabarone Holidays – a Visit to the Vibrant Cosmopolitan Capital". 2006-05-24. Archived from the original on 2010-06-25. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Botanic Gardens Conservation International. "National Botanical Garden". Retrieved 2009-09-19.
  44. ↑ "National Museum to Launch Botanical Garden". 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 "African cities- Gaborone Culture". Gaborone.info. AfricanCities.net. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
  46. ↑ "Worldwide Cost of Living survey 2010 - City rankings". Cost of Living Survey. London: Mercer. 2010-06-29. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
  47. ↑ worldstadia.com. "Stadiums in Gaborone". Retrieved 2010-07-01.
  48. ↑ World Stadiums. "Stadiums in Botswana". Archived from the original on 2009-10-06. Retrieved 2010-07-01.
  49. ↑ "Gaborone City Marathon". Retrieved 2010-08-04.
  50. ↑ Gabscity.com. "City – Gabscity.com all about Gaborone". Gaborone, Botswana. Archived from the original on 2009-08-09. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Mokolodi Nature Reserve. "Introduction". Mokolodi Nature Reserve. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
  52. ↑
  53. ↑ Mooketsi, Lekopanye (2010-03-03). "Frenic Company sues Gaborone City Council". Mmegi. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
  54. ↑ Ngwanaamotho, Maranyane (2010-04-09). "Gaborone City Council fails to collect garbage". Mmegi. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
  55. ↑ "Botswana Review 29th Edition". Botswana Review of Commerce and Industry. Gaborone, Botswana: B&T Directories (Pty) LTD. 29. 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
  56. ↑ "Constituencies". Parliament of Botswana. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
  57. ↑ "History". ILEA Gaborone-Botswana. 2009-06-29. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
  58. ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation – Missions Accredited to Botswana". 2009-04-17. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
  59. ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation – International Organizations Based in Botswana". 2008-09-07. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
  60. ↑ "About Us". Gaborone Universal College of Law. Archived from the original on 2011-01-28. Retrieved 2010-10-09.
  61. ↑ Mokgoabone, Kabo (2010-09-06). "Gaborone University College of Law holds 2010 graduation". Sunday Standard. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20110722000420/http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=8767&GroupID=1. Retrieved 2010-10-09. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 Denbow, James Raymond; Thebe, Phenyo C. (2006). "Literature and Media". Culture and customs of Botswana. World: Africa. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 72–73. ISBN 9780313331787. Retrieved 2009-08-06. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  63. ↑ Cavric, Branko I.; Mosha, Aloysius C. (2001). "Incorporating Urban Agriculture In Gaborone City Planning" (PDF). Urban Agriculture Magazine. RUAF Foundation. 4: 25–27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2009-08-04. {{cite journal}}: External link in |volume= (help); More than one of |author= and |last1= specified (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 "Gaborone: a capital city w/ a strange design". 2008-02-25. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  65. ↑ Gabscity.com. "Home – Gabscity.com all about Gaborone". Gaborone, Botswana. Archived from the original on 2009-08-08. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  66. ↑ Staff Writer (2005-12-19). "The Highlights Of An Eventful Year". 49 (5). Gaborone, Botswana: Mmegi Online. Retrieved 2010-06-30. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  67. ↑ Keto Segwai (2006-07-28). "Three dikgosi in waiting". 23 (111). Gaborone, Botswana: Mmegi Online. Retrieved 2010-06-30. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  68. ↑ Benza, Brian (2008-08-11). Masa Towers To Cost P275 Million – Giachetti. Vol. 25. Gaborone, Botswana: Mmegi Online. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named water
  70. ↑ Dithabololo tsa sepatlela sa Princess Marina-
  71. ↑ Malikongwa, Lewis (2009-02-27). Termination of Botswana Railways' Passenger Service. Botswana: Ministry of Works and Transport. Archived from the original on 2013-11-25. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  72. ↑ Domestic & international airline routes map (Map). Botswana Maps. Botswana Tourism Board. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  73. ↑ "Gabs-Lusaka flight takes off". Mmegi. 2010-08-03. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 A. N. Majelantle (2009). "Botswana transport statistics - 2008". Botswana Transport Statistics. Gaborone, Botswana: Central Statistics Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2010-07-06. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  75. ↑ Road network map (Map). 1 : 6,000,000. Botswana Maps. Botswana Tourism Board. lower right inset. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
  76. ↑ "Burbank's Sister Cities". Burbank Sister City Organization. Archived from the original on 2012-07-10. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
  77. ↑ Mooketsi, Lekopanye (2009-04-01). "Chinese firms to build massive industrial park". Mmegi. Retrieved 2010-08-03. The last event was the signing ceremony for a twinning arrangement between Zhejiang Province and the Gaborone City Council.

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